Source 出处 · Yifang Jijie · Doses are not given here: they are set by a licensed practitioner for the individual.
Safety. Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan is the formula in this group with the most name recognition and the one that needs the most careful handling. It is traditionally credited to Shao Yingjie of the Ming dynasty and is most often cited from Yifang Jijie, the Qing-dynasty formulary that collected and annotated it. Earlier attributions also circulate, and the honest statement is that the reliable textual record runs through that formulary. Seven ingredients: prepared fleeceflower, poria, achyranthes, angelica, goji, dodder and psoralea. The claim carried in the name belongs to a tradition in which the essence of the kidney shows itself in the hair and the blood of the liver feeds it.
The first thing to say is what cannot be claimed. This entry makes no claim that the formula darkens hair. The linkage between kidney essence and hair colour is a correspondence inside the system, not a demonstrated mechanism, and no claim of effect is made here. Hair greying has common and known causes: family pattern and age above all, then vitiligo, alopecia areata, deficiency of B12 or iron or copper or protein, thyroid disease, pernicious anaemia, smoking, and several medicines. Sudden or patchy change, or hair loss accompanied by changes in the scalp, is a reason to be assessed rather than treated by correspondence.
The safety material is serious and specific. Prepared fleeceflower is one of the best-documented causes of herb-induced liver injury in China; national drug-safety bulletins have been issued about it more than once, and cases are reported with the processed root as well as the raw one - processing changes the risk, it does not remove it. Published pharmacogenetic work has associated the injury with HLA-B*35:01. The practical instruction is plain: discontinue it and have liver function checked if fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin or eyes appears, and be more careful still where other medicines that carry liver risk are already in use - statins, antituberculosis drugs, antiepileptics, methotrexate, or regular paracetamol. Raw fleeceflower additionally contains anthraquinones and acts as a stimulant laxative; it is not the same material as the processed root.
Psoralea fruit carries furanocoumarins, the same photosensitising class used deliberately in PUVA photochemotherapy, so photosensitivity and the long-term photocarcinogenesis question come with it, and liver injury has been reported for psoralea as well. Achyranthes is one of two herbs traded as niu xi and is contraindicated in pregnancy, as are the hot and moving herbs in this composition. Angelica and goji both have case reports of interaction with warfarin. Poria is a fungal sclerotium and is not the same herb as Smilax glabra (tu fu ling) despite the shared syllable. Honey pills contain sugar.
七宝美髯丹是这一组里名气最大、也最需要小心处理的一首方。传统归于明代邵应节，最常被引自收录并注解它的清代方书《医方集解》。另有一些更早的归属说法在流传，老实的表述是：可靠的文本记录是经由这部方书传下来的。七味：制何首乌、茯苓、牛膝、当归、枸杞子、菟丝子、补骨脂。方名里的那个说法属于这样一个传统 —— 肾之精华见于发，肝血滋养毛发。
先说不该说的话。本条目不声称此方能乌发；「肾精与毛发颜色」的联系是体系内部的对应关系，不是已被证明的机制，本库不对效果作任何承诺。毛发变白有明确而常见的原因：首先是家族与年龄，其次是白癜风、斑秃、维生素 B12／铁／铜／蛋白质缺乏、甲状腺疾病、恶性贫血、吸烟以及若干药物。突然或片状改变、或伴头皮变化的脱发，属于应当接受评估而不是按对应关系去处理的情况。
安全性内容具体而严重。制何首乌是中国记载最充分的中药肝损伤原因之一，国家药品监管部门不止一次就此发布通报，且制首乌与生首乌都有病例报告 —— 炮制改变风险，不消除风险；已有药物基因组学研究报告该损伤与 HLA-B*35:01 相关。可操作的说法很简单：若出现乏力、纳差、恶心、尿色加深、皮肤或眼白发黄，应立即停止服用并查肝功能；若原本就在用其他有肝风险的药物 —— 他汀类、抗结核药、抗癫痫药、甲氨蝶呤或经常使用对乙酰氨基酚 —— 则更须谨慎。生首乌另含蒽醌类成分并有刺激性泻下作用，与制首乌不是同一物。
补骨脂含呋喃香豆素，正是 PUVA 光化学疗法有意使用的那一类光敏成分，因此伴随光敏与长期光致癌的疑问，补骨脂本身亦有肝损伤报告。牛膝一名两物且孕期禁用，方中辛温走窜之味在孕期同样不宜。当归与枸杞各有与华法林相互作用的病例报告。茯苓是真菌菌核，与土茯苓（Smilax glabra）名字相近而来源无关。蜜丸含糖。