Datura metel L. (Daturae Flos)
Nature and flavour. Pungent and warm, listed as toxic in the classical materia medica; Lung and Liver systems.
Traditionally classed as calming breathing and stopping cough, and as relieving spasm and pain. It is recorded for wheezing and cough, for cold pain in the stomach and abdomen, for painful obstruction attributed to wind-damp, and for pain from injury. Its most distinctive place in the classical literature is anaesthesia: datura appears in the surgical anaesthetic recipes recorded from the classical period onwards, and the composition of the famous early anaesthetic formula is attributed to it by later writers — an attribution that is inference rather than established fact, and is recorded here as such. The drug is a solanaceous flower; the whole plant, and the seed in particular, contains the same tropane alkaloids as the flower.
性味归经。辛，温；传统本草列为有毒；归肺、肝经。
传统归类为平喘止咳、解痉定痛。古籍用于哮喘咳嗽、脘腹冷痛、风湿痹痛及跌打损伤疼痛。本品在本草中最独特之处是麻醉：古典以降的外科麻醉方中出现的曼陀罗类，后世多推为古代著名麻醉方的组成，但这一归属是推断而非已确证的事实，此处照此记录。本品为茄科植物的花；全株及种子尤然，含与花相同的托烷类生物碱。
这是本批风险最明确的一味，绝非任何意义上的家用药材。本品含阿托品类生物碱，主要为莨菪碱与东莨菪碱，抗胆碱中毒过程文献描述明确：口干、口渴剧烈、瞳孔散大与视物模糊、皮肤潮红干燥、发热、心动过速、排尿困难、烦躁、意识混乱、幻觉、谵妄、抽搐、昏迷与呼吸抑制。文献载有死亡病例，包括儿童食用花或种子致死者；致害量在个体之间与植株之间都有差异。青光眼、前列腺肥大伴排尿困难、以及原有心脏病者风险更高、后果更重。与其他具抗胆碱作用的药物合用会相互叠加。绝不可自行使用；在承认本品的法域内属处方与管制药品，家庭或民间自行配制毫无余地，任何疑似暴露均按急症处理。孕期与哺乳期安全性未确立。注意勿与观赏性木本曼陀罗（Brugmansia）及其他以相似名称流通的茄科花混淆。
1 related entry.