{
 "meta": {
  "dataset": "acupoints",
  "title": "Acupoints / 腧穴",
  "source": "Meridian Bridge — TCM Knowledge Base",
  "homepage": "https://lieke-ai.com/mb/",
  "page": "https://lieke-ai.com/mb/data/acupoints.html",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "citation": "Meridian Bridge. TCM Knowledge Base — Acupoints / 腧穴 [data set]. https://lieke-ai.com/mb/data/acupoints.html (accessed 2026-10-18).",
  "generated": "2026-10-18T16:31:07Z",
  "note": "Location, meridian, special category and the classical record. Locations follow the WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations (Western Pacific Region, 2008) as commonly rendered in Chinese.",
  "disclaimer": "Educational and cultural reference only. Not medical advice: no diagnosis, no prescription, no dosing, no recommendation of specific medicines."
 },
 "count": 404,
 "items": [
  {
   "slug": "lu1",
   "code": "LU1",
   "chinese": "中府",
   "english": "Zhongfu",
   "pinyin": "zhōng fǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the upper chest, 6 cun lateral to the front midline, level with the first intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "胸前壁外上方，前正中线旁开 6 寸，平第 1 肋间隙。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Lung 肺之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the first points written in the classical sequence; traditionally the gathering point of the Lung system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典流注次序最早出现的腧穴之一，传统上认为是肺气所聚之处。",
   "safety_note": "Needling here risks the lung — classical caution about depth applies."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu5",
   "code": "LU5",
   "chinese": "尺泽",
   "english": "Chize",
   "pinyin": "chǐ zé",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "At the elbow crease, in the depression on the radial side of the biceps tendon.",
   "location_zh": "肘横纹中，肱二头肌腱桡侧凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Described in relation to the Lung system and to the elbow itself.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统记载与肺系及肘部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The brachial artery and median nerve pass near here; classical texts advise needling with care rather than in depth."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu7",
   "code": "LU7",
   "chinese": "列缺",
   "english": "Lieque",
   "pinyin": "liè quē",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the radial side of the forearm, about 1.5 cun above the wrist crease, in the notch above the radial styloid.",
   "location_zh": "前臂桡侧缘，桡骨茎突上方，腕横纹上 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting 络穴 · confluent of the Ren Mai 通任脉",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical \"command point\" for the head and neck in the four-point mnemonics.",
   "classical_note_zh": "在经典的\"四总穴\"歌诀中为头项部的\"总穴\"。",
   "safety_note": "Superficial veins and branches of the radial nerve run here; the standard precaution is to avoid the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu9",
   "code": "LU9",
   "chinese": "太渊",
   "english": "Taiyuan",
   "pinyin": "tài yuān",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "At the wrist crease on the radial side, where the radial artery is felt.",
   "location_zh": "腕掌侧横纹桡侧，桡动脉搏动处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream + Yuan-source + hui of vessels 输穴·原穴·脉会",
   "classical_note_en": "Both the stream and source point of its meridian, and the meeting point of vessels — unusual to hold three roles.",
   "classical_note_zh": "同时为本经输穴、原穴，并为八会穴之\"脉会\"——一身兼三职，较为特殊。",
   "safety_note": "The radial artery runs here; classical texts advise avoiding the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu10",
   "code": "LU10",
   "chinese": "鱼际",
   "english": "Yuji",
   "pinyin": "yú jì",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the radial side of the midpoint of the first metacarpal, at the border of red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "第 1 掌骨中点桡侧，赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A spring point, classically used in the sequence of five transport points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "五输穴之一，属荥穴。",
   "safety_note": "Routine needling here is low risk. Keep slightly away from the first metacarpal so that the periosteum is not scraped."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu11",
   "code": "LU11",
   "chinese": "少商",
   "english": "Shaoshang",
   "pinyin": "shào shāng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the radial side of the thumb, about 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "拇指桡侧指甲角旁约 0.1 寸。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The well point of the Lung meridian — classical texts place well points at the extremities, where Qi is said to emerge.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肺经井穴。经典把井穴列于四肢末端，认为经气由此而出。",
   "safety_note": "Well points are traditionally bled rather than needled deeply; a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li4",
   "code": "LI4",
   "chinese": "合谷",
   "english": "Hegu",
   "pinyin": "hé gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the hand, between the first and second metacarpals, at the highest point of the muscle when thumb and index finger are approximated.",
   "location_zh": "手背第 1、2 掌骨间，第 2 掌骨桡侧中点处。",
   "special_category": "Yuan-source 原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Among the most frequently cited points in the literature; classical texts associate it with the face and head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "文献中出现频率最高的腧穴之一，传统上与面、头部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li10",
   "code": "LI10",
   "chinese": "手三里",
   "english": "Shousanli",
   "pinyin": "shǒu sān lǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsal-radial forearm, on the line from Yangxi to Quchi, 2 cun below the elbow crease.",
   "location_zh": "前臂背面桡侧，阳溪与曲池连线上，肘横纹下 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically grouped with LI11 and LI4 in the literature on the arm and shoulder.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典文献中常与 LI11、LI4 一同出现于上肢与肩部论述。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The radial nerve runs through this area, so a tingling or shooting sensation is a signal to withdraw slightly rather than to push deeper."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li11",
   "code": "LI11",
   "chinese": "曲池",
   "english": "Quchi",
   "pinyin": "qū chí",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "With the elbow flexed at 90°, at the midpoint of the line joining the lateral end of the elbow crease and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.",
   "location_zh": "屈肘成直角，肘横纹外端与肱骨外上髁连线中点。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A frequently used he-sea point; classical texts record it in relation to the elbow and to \"heat\" patterns.",
   "classical_note_zh": "常用的合穴之一，传统记载与肘部及\"热\"类证候相关。",
   "safety_note": "The radial nerve and its branches lie nearby. Routine use is low risk, but deep perpendicular needling should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li15",
   "code": "LI15",
   "chinese": "肩髃",
   "english": "Jianyu",
   "pinyin": "jiān yú",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "In the depression anterior to the acromion when the arm is abducted, above the deltoid.",
   "location_zh": "肩峰前下方，三角肌上部，上臂外展时肩部出现的前一个凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of Yang Qiao vessel 交阳跷脉",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the standard points in the classical literature on the shoulder.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典肩部论述中的常用腧穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "The shoulder joint capsule is close beneath. Classical texts advise limiting depth so that the joint space is not entered."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li20",
   "code": "LI20",
   "chinese": "迎香",
   "english": "Yingxiang",
   "pinyin": "yíng xiāng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "Beside the midpoint of the outer edge of the nostril, in the nasolabial groove.",
   "location_zh": "鼻翼外缘中点旁，鼻唇沟中。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of Hand and Foot Yangming 手足阳明交会",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the Large Intestine meridian, at the face — its name means \"welcome the fragrance\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经末穴，位于面部，穴名意为\"迎接香气\"。",
   "safety_note": "On the face, in an area of fine vessels. Needling belongs with a trained practitioner; self-use is limited to light pressing."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st2",
   "code": "ST2",
   "chinese": "四白",
   "english": "Sibai",
   "pinyin": "sì bái",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "Directly below the pupil, in the depression of the infraorbital foramen.",
   "location_zh": "目正视，瞳孔直下，眶下孔凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Classical texts associate this point with the eye and the face.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统记载与眼、面部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Region of the eye — needling direction and depth are practitioner concerns."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st6",
   "code": "ST6",
   "chinese": "颊车",
   "english": "Jiache",
   "pinyin": "jiá chē",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "One finger-breadth anterior and superior to the angle of the mandible, at the highest point of the masseter when clenching.",
   "location_zh": "下颌角前上方一横指凹陷中，咀嚼时咬肌隆起最高点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically recorded for the jaw and face.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统记载与下颌、面部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Facial vessels and branches of the facial nerve are close. Needling belongs with a trained practitioner. Heavy pressure over the jaw joint is uncomfortable and should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st25",
   "code": "ST25",
   "chinese": "天枢",
   "english": "Tianshu",
   "pinyin": "tiān shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "2 cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "脐中旁开 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Large Intestine 大肠之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Large Intestine system, and classically paired with GV4 as \"the pivot of heaven\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠之募穴，经典中常与 GV4 相对，称为\"天之枢纽\"。",
   "safety_note": "The abdomen is a region where depth matters; a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st36",
   "code": "ST36",
   "chinese": "足三里",
   "english": "Zusanli",
   "pinyin": "zú sān lǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "3 cun below the lower border of the kneecap, one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "犊鼻下 3 寸，胫骨前嵴外一横指处。",
   "special_category": "He-sea + lower he-sea of the Stomach 合穴·胃下合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The point most often named in classical mnemonics for general vitality and the digestive system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典歌诀中提到\"整体状态\"与脾胃时出现最多的腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "The most frequently used point in the tradition and low risk in routine practice. In very slim legs the tibia is closer than expected, so depth matters."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st40",
   "code": "ST40",
   "chinese": "丰隆",
   "english": "Fenglong",
   "pinyin": "fēng lóng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "8 cun above the tip of the outer ankle, two finger-breadths lateral to the anterior tibial crest.",
   "location_zh": "外踝尖上 8 寸，胫骨前嵴外二横指处。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Recorded in classical texts in relation to \"phlegm\" as a pattern category.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统文献中与\"痰\"这一类证候相关。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The deep peroneal nerve runs in this region."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st44",
   "code": "ST44",
   "chinese": "内庭",
   "english": "Neiting",
   "pinyin": "nèi tíng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, between the second and third toes, behind the web margin.",
   "location_zh": "足背第 2、3 趾间，趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A spring point classically used when \"heat\" patterns are described in the upper body.",
   "classical_note_zh": "荥穴，传统上用于描述上部\"热\"类证候时。",
   "safety_note": "The dorsalis pedis vessels and digital nerves lie close under the skin here; avoid the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp3",
   "code": "SP3",
   "chinese": "太白",
   "english": "Taibai",
   "pinyin": "tài bái",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "Behind and below the first metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border of red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "第 1 跖趾关节后下方赤白肉际凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream + Yuan-source 输穴·原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Both stream and source point of the Spleen meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "脾经的输穴兼原穴。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The skin is thin over bone here, so pressure should be firm but never sharp."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp4",
   "code": "SP4",
   "chinese": "公孙",
   "english": "Gongsun",
   "pinyin": "gōng sūn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "Anterior and inferior to the base of the first metatarsal, at the border of red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "第 1 跖骨基底部前下方赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting · confluent of the Chong Mai 络穴·通冲脉",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically paired with PC6 as the \"inner gate\" combination in the eight confluent-point method.",
   "classical_note_zh": "在八脉交会穴法中常与 PC6 相配，形成\"内关—公孙\"组合。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The medial plantar vessels pass nearby and should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp6",
   "code": "SP6",
   "chinese": "三阴交",
   "english": "Sanyinjiao",
   "pinyin": "sān yīn jiāo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "3 cun above the tip of the inner ankle, behind the medial border of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "内踝尖上 3 寸，胫骨内侧缘后方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the three Foot Yin meridians 足三阴经交会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"meeting of the three Yin\" — Spleen, Liver and Kidney meridians are said to cross here.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"三条阴经交会\"——脾、肝、肾三经据说在此相交。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp9",
   "code": "SP9",
   "chinese": "阴陵泉",
   "english": "Yinlingquan",
   "pinyin": "yīn líng quán",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "In the depression below the medial condyle of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "胫骨内侧髁下方凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically recorded in relation to fluid metabolism within the Spleen-system model.",
   "classical_note_zh": "在脾系模型中，传统上与水液代谢相关。",
   "safety_note": "The great saphenous vein and the saphenous nerve run along the medial tibia; keep the needle away from the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp10",
   "code": "SP10",
   "chinese": "血海",
   "english": "Xuehai",
   "pinyin": "xuè hǎi",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "2 cun above the upper medial corner of the kneecap, on the bulge of the vastus medialis.",
   "location_zh": "髌底内侧端上 2 寸，股四头肌内侧头隆起处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"sea of blood\"; classical texts group it with Blood-related patterns.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"血之海\"，经典中归入与\"血\"相关的证候。",
   "safety_note": "Several superficial veins are visible here in many people, so bruising is common. Anyone taking anticoagulants should be especially cautious about this point."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht3",
   "code": "HT3",
   "chinese": "少海",
   "english": "Shaohai",
   "pinyin": "shào hǎi",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "With the elbow flexed, at the midpoint of the line joining the medial end of the elbow crease and the medial epicondyle.",
   "location_zh": "屈肘，肘横纹内端与肱骨内上髁连线中点。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The he-sea point of the Heart meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经合穴。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar nerve and the basilic vein are close; classical texts advise avoiding the vessel and not needling deeply."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht5",
   "code": "HT5",
   "chinese": "通里",
   "english": "Tongli",
   "pinyin": "tōng lǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "1 cun above the wrist crease, on the radial side of the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris.",
   "location_zh": "腕横纹上 1 寸，尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Recorded in classical texts in relation to speech and the tongue, via the Heart system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统文献经由\"心\"这一系统，与言语、舌部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar artery and nerve lie immediately to the ulnar side; needling is kept on the radial side of the tendon."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht7",
   "code": "HT7",
   "chinese": "神门",
   "english": "Shenmen",
   "pinyin": "shén mén",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "At the ulnar end of the wrist crease, in the depression on the radial side of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon.",
   "location_zh": "腕横纹尺侧端，尺侧腕屈肌腱桡侧凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream + Yuan-source 输穴·原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"gate of the spirit\"; classically grouped with sleep and emotional patterns.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"神之门\"，经典中归入睡眠与情志类证候。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar artery lies immediately adjacent. At this point, avoiding the vessel matters more than controlling depth."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si3",
   "code": "SI3",
   "chinese": "后溪",
   "english": "Houxi",
   "pinyin": "hòu xī",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "With the fist closed, at the ulnar end of the crease behind the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint.",
   "location_zh": "握拳，第 5 掌指关节后尺侧横纹头赤白肉际。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream · confluent of the Du Mai 输穴·通督脉",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically paired with BL62, and recorded for the neck and upper back via the Governing Vessel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典中常与 BL62 相配；经由督脉，传统上与颈项、上背相关。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. Branches of the ulnar nerve are superficial along this border of the hand."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si6",
   "code": "SI6",
   "chinese": "养老",
   "english": "Yanglao",
   "pinyin": "yǎng lǎo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "With the palm facing down, in the cleft on the radial side of the head of the ulna.",
   "location_zh": "掌心向下，尺骨小头桡侧骨缝凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "An xi-cleft point, classically associated with acute shoulder and arm presentations.",
   "classical_note_zh": "郄穴，经典中与肩臂的急性表现相关。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar nerve and its dorsal branch run close to the bone here; deep needling should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si11",
   "code": "SI11",
   "chinese": "天宗",
   "english": "Tianzong",
   "pinyin": "tiān zōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the centre of the infraspinous fossa of the scapula.",
   "location_zh": "肩胛骨冈下窝中央凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A standard scapular point in the classical shoulder literature.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典肩部论述中的常用肩胛部腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "Deep needling in the scapular region risks the pleura. Classical practice keeps this point shallow, and that is the reason."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si19",
   "code": "SI19",
   "chinese": "听宫",
   "english": "Tinggong",
   "pinyin": "tīng gōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In front of the tragus, in the depression that appears on opening the mouth, behind the condyle of the mandible.",
   "location_zh": "耳屏前，下颌骨髁状突后缘，张口时凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of three Yang meridians 手足少阳与手太阳交会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"palace of hearing\"; classically recorded for the ear.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"听之宫\"，传统文献记载与耳部相关。",
   "safety_note": "In front of the ear, close to the superficial temporal vessels. Needle only with a trained practitioner, and never push anything towards the ear canal."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl10",
   "code": "BL10",
   "chinese": "天柱",
   "english": "Tianzhu",
   "pinyin": "tiān zhù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "0.5 cun above the posterior hairline, 1.3 cun lateral to the midline, at the outer edge of the trapezius.",
   "location_zh": "后发际正中直上 0.5 寸，旁开 1.3 寸，斜方肌外缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical neck point, in the region where the Bladder meridian enters the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典颈项部腧穴，位于膀胱经入头之处。",
   "safety_note": "The neck is a high-caution region for needling; a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl13",
   "code": "BL13",
   "chinese": "肺俞",
   "english": "Feishu",
   "pinyin": "fèi shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "第 3 胸椎棘突下旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Lung 肺之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the Back-shu (back transport) points, named after the Lung system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞穴之一，以\"肺\"命名。",
   "safety_note": "Needling here risks the lung; classical depth caution applies."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl18",
   "code": "BL18",
   "chinese": "肝俞",
   "english": "Ganshu",
   "pinyin": "gān shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "第 9 胸椎棘突下旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Liver 肝之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back transport point of the Liver system, which in TCM includes the free movement of Qi.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝系背俞穴；中医的\"肝\"包含气机疏泄。",
   "safety_note": "Back points at this level sit over the lung and pleura. Shallow, angled needling is the classical approach; perpendicular or deep needling here is a documented cause of pneumothorax."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl20",
   "code": "BL20",
   "chinese": "脾俞",
   "english": "Pishu",
   "pinyin": "pí shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "第 11 胸椎棘突下旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Spleen 脾之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back transport point of the Spleen system, which governs transformation and transport.",
   "classical_note_zh": "脾系背俞穴；中医的\"脾\"主运化。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower rib cage. Needling is kept shallow and angled, because a puncture through the chest wall at this level can injure the pleura."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl23",
   "code": "BL23",
   "chinese": "肾俞",
   "english": "Shenshu",
   "pinyin": "shèn shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "第 2 腰椎棘突下旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Kidney 肾之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back transport point of the Kidney system; commonly paired with GV4 in the lower back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肾系背俞穴；在腰部常与 GV4（命门）相配。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath this area. Classical texts advise against deep perpendicular needling on the lower back."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl40",
   "code": "BL40",
   "chinese": "委中",
   "english": "Weizhong",
   "pinyin": "wěi zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "At the midpoint of the popliteal crease, between the tendons.",
   "location_zh": "腘横纹中点，股二头肌腱与半腱肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "He-sea + lower he-sea of the Bladder 合穴·膀胱下合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical four-command point for the lower back and waist.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典\"四总穴\"之一，与腰背部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The popliteal fossa contains vessels and nerves; a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl57",
   "code": "BL57",
   "chinese": "承山",
   "english": "Chengshan",
   "pinyin": "chéng shān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "At the apex of the depression formed between the two bellies of the gastrocnemius.",
   "location_zh": "腓肠肌两肌腹之间凹陷顶端。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Classical texts record it in relation to the calf and to haemorrhoid patterns.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统文献与小腿及痔类证候相关。",
   "safety_note": "Deep needling can reach the tibial nerve. A sudden electric sensation should stop the needle rather than encourage it further in."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl60",
   "code": "BL60",
   "chinese": "昆仑",
   "english": "Kunlun",
   "pinyin": "kūn lún",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the depression between the tip of the outer ankle and the Achilles tendon.",
   "location_zh": "外踝尖与跟腱之间凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A river point of the Bladder meridian; in classical descriptions it is paired with KI3.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经经穴；经典描述中常与 KI3 相对。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl62",
   "code": "BL62",
   "chinese": "申脉",
   "english": "Shenmai",
   "pinyin": "shēn mài",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the depression directly below the outer ankle.",
   "location_zh": "外踝直下方凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Confluent of the Yang Qiao Mai 八脉交会通阳跷",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically paired with SI3 and grouped with the Yang Heel vessel and sleep.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典中常与 SI3 相配，并与阳跷脉、睡眠归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The sural nerve and the small saphenous vein pass nearby; routine use is low risk, but the vessel should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki1",
   "code": "KI1",
   "chinese": "涌泉",
   "english": "Yongquan",
   "pinyin": "yǒng quán",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the sole, in the depression at the junction of the anterior third and posterior two-thirds of the line from the web of the second and third toes to the heel.",
   "location_zh": "足底前部凹陷处，约当足底第 2、3 趾趾缝纹头端与足跟连线的前 1/3 处。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"gushing spring\" — the lowest point on the body, traditionally described as where Qi begins to rise.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"涌出之泉\"，为全身位置最低的腧穴，传统上认为是经气升发之始。",
   "safety_note": "The sole is thick, sensitive and rich in vessels and nerves. Needling is painful and belongs with a trained practitioner."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki3",
   "code": "KI3",
   "chinese": "太溪",
   "english": "Taixi",
   "pinyin": "tài xī",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "In the depression between the tip of the inner ankle and the Achilles tendon.",
   "location_zh": "内踝尖与跟腱之间凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream + Yuan-source 输穴·原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Both stream and source point of the Kidney meridian; the pulse here is traditionally felt in some texts.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肾经输穴兼原穴；传统文献中亦有在此诊脉的记载。",
   "safety_note": "The posterior tibial artery runs here."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki6",
   "code": "KI6",
   "chinese": "照海",
   "english": "Zhaohai",
   "pinyin": "zhào hǎi",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "In the depression directly below the tip of the inner ankle.",
   "location_zh": "内踝尖下方凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Confluent of the Yin Qiao Mai 八脉交会通阴跷",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically paired with LU7 and grouped with the Yin Heel vessel, the throat and sleep.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典中常与 LU7 相配，并与阴跷脉、咽喉、睡眠归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The posterior tibial vessels and nerve pass just behind the medial malleolus; avoid the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki7",
   "code": "KI7",
   "chinese": "复溜",
   "english": "Fuliu",
   "pinyin": "fù liū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "2 cun directly above KI3, on the anterior border of the Achilles tendon.",
   "location_zh": "太溪直上 2 寸，跟腱前缘。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically recorded in relation to sweating, within the fluid-metabolism model.",
   "classical_note_zh": "在水液代谢模型中，传统上与汗出相关。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The posterior tibial neurovascular bundle lies medial to this line."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc6",
   "code": "PC6",
   "chinese": "内关",
   "english": "Neiguan",
   "pinyin": "nèi guān",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "2 cun above the wrist crease, between the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis.",
   "location_zh": "腕横纹上 2 寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting · confluent of the Yin Wei Mai 络穴·通阴维脉",
   "classical_note_en": "Among the most studied points in modern research, notably in trials of nausea; classically recorded for the chest and upper abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "现代研究最多的腧穴之一，尤其是针对恶心的试验；传统文献记载与胸膈、上腹相关。",
   "safety_note": "The median nerve lies in the space between the two tendons. That is precisely why the point is needled between them, and why a sharp electric sensation means stopping."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc7",
   "code": "PC7",
   "chinese": "大陵",
   "english": "Daling",
   "pinyin": "dà líng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "At the centre of the wrist crease, between the two tendons.",
   "location_zh": "腕横纹中央，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream + Yuan-source 输穴·原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Both stream and source point of the Pericardium meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经的输穴兼原穴。",
   "safety_note": "The median nerve and the carpal tunnel are directly beneath. Repeated or forceful needling here is inadvisable."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc8",
   "code": "PC8",
   "chinese": "劳宫",
   "english": "Laogong",
   "pinyin": "láo gōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "At the centre of the palm, where the tip of the middle finger rests when the fist is made.",
   "location_zh": "握拳，中指尖下。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"palace of labour\"; a spring point of the Pericardium meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"劳作之宫\"，为心包经荥穴。",
   "safety_note": "The palmar vessels and nerve branches are superficial. Needling is uncomfortable and belongs with a trained practitioner."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te3",
   "code": "TE3",
   "chinese": "中渚",
   "english": "Zhongzhu",
   "pinyin": "zhōng zhǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the hand, between the fourth and fifth metacarpals, behind the metacarpophalangeal joint.",
   "location_zh": "手背第 4、5 掌骨间，掌指关节后凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream 输穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A stream point of the San Jiao meridian, recorded for the ear and the side of the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "三焦经输穴，传统文献与耳部及头侧相关。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The dorsal veins of the hand lie close under the skin."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te4",
   "code": "TE4",
   "chinese": "阳池",
   "english": "Yangchi",
   "pinyin": "yáng chí",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "At the centre of the dorsal wrist crease, in the depression on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum tendon.",
   "location_zh": "腕背横纹中，指伸肌腱尺侧缘凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Yuan-source 原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The source point of the San Jiao meridian, at the wrist.",
   "classical_note_zh": "三焦经原穴，位于腕部。",
   "safety_note": "The wrist joint space and the extensor tendons are immediately beneath; needling into the joint should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te5",
   "code": "TE5",
   "chinese": "外关",
   "english": "Waiguan",
   "pinyin": "wài guān",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "2 cun above the dorsal wrist crease, between the radius and the ulna.",
   "location_zh": "腕背横纹上 2 寸，桡骨与尺骨之间。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting · confluent of the Yang Wei Mai 络穴·通阳维脉",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically paired with GB41, and recorded for the neck and the side of the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典中常与 GB41 相配，文献记载与颈项及头侧相关。",
   "safety_note": "The posterior interosseous nerve runs through this interval; deep perpendicular needling should be avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te17",
   "code": "TE17",
   "chinese": "翳风",
   "english": "Yifeng",
   "pinyin": "yì fēng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "Behind the earlobe, in the depression between the mastoid process and the angle of the mandible.",
   "location_zh": "耳垂后方，乳突与下颌角之间凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of Hand and Foot Shaoyang 手足少阳交会",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point for the ear and the side of the neck.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典中与耳部及颈侧相关的腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "The facial nerve exits the skull at this spot, and the internal jugular vein lies deep to it. This point belongs to trained hands only; deep needling carries a documented risk of facial nerve injury."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb20",
   "code": "GB20",
   "chinese": "风池",
   "english": "Fengchi",
   "pinyin": "fēng chí",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "In the depression between the upper ends of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, level with GV16.",
   "location_zh": "胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌上端之间凹陷中，平风府。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of Yang Wei Mai 交阳维脉",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the most frequently cited points for the back of the head and neck.",
   "classical_note_zh": "枕部与颈项部文献中出现最多的腧穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "Deep needling here is a documented hazard; a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb21",
   "code": "GB21",
   "chinese": "肩井",
   "english": "Jianjing",
   "pinyin": "jiān jǐng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "At the midpoint of the line joining GV14 and the tip of the acromion.",
   "location_zh": "大椎与肩峰端连线的中点。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of several Yang meridians 手足少阳、足阳明与阳维交会",
   "classical_note_en": "A common shoulder point; also widely cited in the traditional caution about pregnancy.",
   "classical_note_zh": "常用肩部腧穴；也是孕期传统注意事项中被反复提及的腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy. Deep needling risks the lung."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb30",
   "code": "GB30",
   "chinese": "环跳",
   "english": "Huantiao",
   "pinyin": "huán tiào",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "At the junction of the lateral third and middle third of the line joining the most prominent point of the greater trochanter and the sacral hiatus.",
   "location_zh": "股骨大转子最凸点与骶管裂孔连线的外 1/3 与中 1/3 交点。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of Gallbladder and Bladder meridians 足少阳与足太阳交会",
   "classical_note_en": "A major hip point; the name means \"circling jump\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "髋部主要腧穴，穴名意为\"回环跳跃\"。",
   "safety_note": "Deep needling here reaches the sciatic nerve; a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb34",
   "code": "GB34",
   "chinese": "阳陵泉",
   "english": "Yanglingquan",
   "pinyin": "yáng líng quán",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "In the depression anterior and inferior to the head of the fibula.",
   "location_zh": "腓骨小头前下方凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "He-sea + hui of sinews + lower he-sea of the Gallbladder 合穴·筋会·胆下合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Known as the \"meeting of sinews\", which is why it appears so often in the classical literature on tendons and joints.",
   "classical_note_zh": "被称为\"筋会\"，因此经典中关于筋与关节的论述里出现频率很高。",
   "safety_note": "The common peroneal nerve winds around the head of the fibula just here. Tingling or a shooting sensation is a signal to withdraw, not to continue."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb40",
   "code": "GB40",
   "chinese": "丘墟",
   "english": "Qiuxu",
   "pinyin": "qiū xū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "In the depression anterior and inferior to the outer ankle, lateral to the extensor digitorum longus tendon.",
   "location_zh": "外踝前下方，趾长伸肌腱外侧凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Yuan-source 原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The source point of the Gallbladder meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胆经原穴。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The extensor tendons and small vessels are close by."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb41",
   "code": "GB41",
   "chinese": "足临泣",
   "english": "Zulinqi",
   "pinyin": "zú lín qì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "In the depression anterior to the junction of the fourth and fifth metatarsals, lateral to the extensor tendon of the little toe.",
   "location_zh": "第 4、5 跖骨结合部前方，小趾伸肌腱外侧凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream · confluent of the Dai Mai 输穴·通带脉",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically paired with TE5 in the eight confluent-point method.",
   "classical_note_zh": "在八脉交会穴法中常与 TE5 相配。",
   "safety_note": "The dorsal veins of the foot are close to the skin here; avoid the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr2",
   "code": "LR2",
   "chinese": "行间",
   "english": "Xingjian",
   "pinyin": "xíng jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, between the first and second toes, behind the web margin.",
   "location_zh": "足背第 1、2 趾间，趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A spring point classically used in the Liver-system model of \"rising\" patterns.",
   "classical_note_zh": "荥穴，在肝系\"上亢\"类模型中常用。",
   "safety_note": "The dorsalis pedis vessels and the deep peroneal nerve are close. Avoid the vessel and do not needle deeply."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr3",
   "code": "LR3",
   "chinese": "太冲",
   "english": "Taichong",
   "pinyin": "tài chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, in the depression anterior to the junction of the first and second metatarsals.",
   "location_zh": "足背第 1、2 跖骨结合部前方凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream + Yuan-source 输穴·原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "Both stream and source point of the Liver meridian; the Liver system in TCM governs the free movement of Qi and is linked to emotion.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝经输穴兼原穴；中医的\"肝\"主疏泄，并与情志相联系。",
   "safety_note": "The dorsalis pedis artery passes across this spot in many people. Feeling for the pulse before needling is the standard precaution."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr14",
   "code": "LR14",
   "chinese": "期门",
   "english": "Qimen",
   "pinyin": "qī mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "Directly below the nipple, in the sixth intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "乳头直下，第 6 肋间隙。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Liver 肝之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Liver system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝系募穴。",
   "safety_note": "Needling here risks the lung and the liver; a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv4",
   "code": "GV4",
   "chinese": "命门",
   "english": "Mingmen",
   "pinyin": "mìng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "In the depression below the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "后正中线，第 2 腰椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"gate of life\"; classically paired with BL23 in the lower back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"生命之门\"，经典中在腰部常与 BL23（肾俞）相配。",
   "safety_note": "On the lower back over the spine. Needling is angled and shallow, and the spinal canal is not far beneath."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv14",
   "code": "GV14",
   "chinese": "大椎",
   "english": "Dazhui",
   "pinyin": "dà zhuī",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "In the depression below the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "后正中线，第 7 颈椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the three Hand and three Foot Yang meridians 与手足三阳交会",
   "classical_note_en": "Where, in the classical description, all the Yang meridians meet the Governing Vessel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统描述中诸阳经与督脉交会之处。",
   "safety_note": "On the spine at the base of the neck. Angled needling is standard, and depth is deliberately kept conservative."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv20",
   "code": "GV20",
   "chinese": "百会",
   "english": "Baihui",
   "pinyin": "bǎi huì",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the midline of the head, at the intersection of the line joining the two ear tips and the midline, 5 cun above the anterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "头顶正中线与两耳尖连线的交点处，前发际正中直上 5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Meeting with the Bladder meridian 与足太阳交会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"hundred meetings\" — the highest point on the body.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"百脉交会\"，为全身最高的腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp over the skull. In infants the fontanelle may still be open, in which case needling here is not appropriate."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv26",
   "code": "GV26",
   "chinese": "水沟",
   "english": "Shuigou",
   "pinyin": "shuǐ gōu",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "At the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the philtrum.",
   "location_zh": "人中沟上 1/3 与中 1/3 交点处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting with Hand and Foot Yangming 与手足阳明交会",
   "classical_note_en": "Better known in English as Renzhong or \"Governing Vessel 26\"; a classical first-aid revival point.",
   "classical_note_zh": "英语文献中也写作 Renzhong；经典中作为急救醒神用穴。",
   "safety_note": "This is not a self-help instruction — in any emergency, call emergency services first."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv4",
   "code": "CV4",
   "chinese": "关元",
   "english": "Guanyuan",
   "pinyin": "guān yuán",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline, 3 cun below the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "前正中线，脐下 3 寸。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Small Intestine · meeting of three Yin 小肠募穴·足三阴与任脉交会",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the most frequently named abdominal points in the classical literature on vital Qi.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典中关于\"元气\"论述里出现最多的腹部腧穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv6",
   "code": "CV6",
   "chinese": "气海",
   "english": "Qihai",
   "pinyin": "qì hǎi",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline, 1.5 cun below the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "前正中线，脐下 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"sea of Qi\"; paired with CV4 in the classical abdominal literature.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"气之海\"，经典腹部论述中常与 CV4 并列。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv8",
   "code": "CV8",
   "chinese": "神阙",
   "english": "Shenque",
   "pinyin": "shén què",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "At the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "肚脐正中，即脐窝中央处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The umbilicus itself. Classical texts describe it as forbidden to needle, and used with moxibustion instead — a rare example of an explicit classical prohibition.",
   "classical_note_zh": "即脐中央。经典明确记载此穴禁针，多用灸法——这是经典中少见的明文禁忌。",
   "safety_note": "Classical prohibition on needling."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv12",
   "code": "CV12",
   "chinese": "中脘",
   "english": "Zhongwan",
   "pinyin": "zhōng wǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline, 4 cun above the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "前正中线，脐上 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Stomach · hui of the Fu 胃之募穴·八会腑会",
   "classical_note_en": "Both the front-mu of the Stomach system and the \"meeting of the Fu\" — two roles in one point.",
   "classical_note_zh": "既是胃之募穴，又是八会穴之\"腑会\"——一穴两职。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv17",
   "code": "CV17",
   "chinese": "膻中",
   "english": "Danzhong",
   "pinyin": "dàn zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline at the level of the fourth intercostal space, midway between the nipples.",
   "location_zh": "前正中线，平第 4 肋间隙，两乳头连线中点。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Pericardium · hui of Qi 心包募穴·八会气会",
   "classical_note_en": "Called the \"meeting of Qi\"; the chest point most often named in the classical literature on the emotions.",
   "classical_note_zh": "被称为\"气会\"；经典情志论述中最常提到的胸部腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "Sternal region: only gentle pressure; needling is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl15",
   "code": "BL15",
   "chinese": "心俞",
   "english": "Xinshu",
   "pinyin": "xīn shù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "One and a half cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "背部，第5胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu point of the Heart 心之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back-shu point of the Heart system; classically discussed for the chest and for the spirit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心的背俞穴，古典上用于胸部与神志相关证候。",
   "safety_note": "Needled obliquely toward the spine. Deep perpendicular needling at this level risks the pleura."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb39",
   "code": "GB39",
   "chinese": "悬钟",
   "english": "Xuanzhong",
   "pinyin": "xuán zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "Three cun above the tip of the lateral malleolus, on the anterior border of the fibula.",
   "location_zh": "小腿外侧，外踝尖上3寸，腓骨前缘。",
   "special_category": "Meeting point of the marrow 八会穴之髓会",
   "classical_note_en": "The meeting point of the marrow; classically discussed for the neck and for the lower limb.",
   "classical_note_zh": "八会穴中的髓会；古典上用于颈项与下肢。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions; the superficial peroneal nerve lies nearby."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp8",
   "code": "SP8",
   "chinese": "地机",
   "english": "Diji",
   "pinyin": "dì jī",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "Three cun below SP9, on the posterior border of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "小腿内侧，阴陵泉下3寸，胫骨内侧缘后际。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft point of the Spleen 脾之郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A xi-cleft point, a category classically used for acute presentations of its meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "郄穴，这一类腧穴在古典上多用于本经的急性证候。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions; the great saphenous vein runs nearby."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st34",
   "code": "ST34",
   "chinese": "梁丘",
   "english": "Liangqiu",
   "pinyin": "liáng qiū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "Two cun above the upper lateral corner of the patella, on the line between the patella and the anterior superior iliac spine.",
   "location_zh": "大腿前面，髌底外侧端上2寸，髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft point of the Stomach 胃之郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A xi-cleft point; classically discussed for the knee and for acute stomach presentations.",
   "classical_note_zh": "郄穴，古典上用于膝部与胃部的急性证候。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st41",
   "code": "ST41",
   "chinese": "解溪",
   "english": "Jiexi",
   "pinyin": "jiě xī",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "At the midpoint of the anterior ankle crease, between the tendons of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus.",
   "location_zh": "踝关节前面中央凹陷中，拇长伸肌腱与趾长伸肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river point of the Stomach 胃之经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A jing-river point on the foot; classically discussed for the ankle and the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "足部的经穴，古典上用于踝部与头部。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions; the anterior tibial artery and deep peroneal nerve lie close by."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te6",
   "code": "TE6",
   "chinese": "支沟",
   "english": "Zhigou",
   "pinyin": "zhī gōu",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang Triple Burner",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "Three cun above the dorsal wrist crease, between the radius and the ulna.",
   "location_zh": "前臂后侧，腕背横纹上3寸，桡骨与尺骨之间。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river point of the Triple Burner 三焦之经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A frequently used point classically associated with the flank and with the bowels.",
   "classical_note_zh": "常用腧穴之一，古典上与胁肋及肠道相关。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu6",
   "code": "LU6",
   "chinese": "孔最",
   "english": "Kongzui",
   "pinyin": "kǒng zuì",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "Seven cun above the palmar wrist crease, on the line connecting LU5 and LU9.",
   "location_zh": "前臂掌侧，腕横纹上7寸，尺泽与太渊的连线上。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft point of the Lung 肺之郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Lung meridian, a category used classically for acute presentations.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肺经的郄穴，这一类腧穴在古典上多用于急性证候。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions; the radial artery lies deeper and medially."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl17",
   "code": "BL17",
   "chinese": "膈俞",
   "english": "Geshu",
   "pinyin": "gé shù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "One and a half cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "背部，第7胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Meeting point of blood 八会穴之血会",
   "classical_note_en": "The meeting point of blood; classically discussed for the diaphragm and for the blood.",
   "classical_note_zh": "八会穴中的血会；古典上用于膈与血分相关证候。",
   "safety_note": "Needled obliquely toward the spine; deep perpendicular needling at this level risks the pleura."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl21",
   "code": "BL21",
   "chinese": "胃俞",
   "english": "Weishu",
   "pinyin": "wèi shù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "One and a half cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "背部，第12胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu point of the Stomach 胃之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back-shu point of the Stomach system; classically discussed for the middle burner.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胃的背俞穴，古典上用于中焦相关证候。",
   "safety_note": "Needled obliquely toward the spine. Note the ribs and pleura are close at this level."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv16",
   "code": "GV16",
   "chinese": "风府",
   "english": "Fengfu",
   "pinyin": "fēng fǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, one cun above the posterior hairline, in the depression directly below the external occipital protuberance.",
   "location_zh": "后正中线上，后发际正中直上1寸，枕外隆凸直下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Meeting point with the yang linking vessel 阳维脉交会穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point for the head; also described as a place where wind enters.",
   "classical_note_zh": "头部的古典要穴；传统也称其为风邪所入之处。",
   "safety_note": "One of the points where direction matters most. Steep upward needling toward the foramen magnum is dangerous and is taught as a prohibited direction."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv22",
   "code": "CV22",
   "chinese": "天突",
   "english": "Tiantu",
   "pinyin": "tiān tū",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline, in the centre of the suprasternal fossa.",
   "location_zh": "颈前区，胸骨上窝中央。",
   "special_category": "Meeting point of the yin linking vessel 阴维脉交会穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point for the throat and for the Lung.",
   "classical_note_zh": "咽喉与肺系的古典要穴。",
   "safety_note": "Classically needled obliquely downward behind the sternum after shallow insertion. Deep perpendicular needling risks the trachea and the great vessels."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki2",
   "code": "KI2",
   "chinese": "然谷",
   "english": "Rangu",
   "pinyin": "rán gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the foot, in the depression distal and inferior to the tuberosity of the navicular bone.",
   "location_zh": "足内侧，足舟骨粗隆下方，赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring point of the Kidney 肾之荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "A ying-spring point of the Kidney meridian; classically discussed for the foot and the throat.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肾经的荥穴，古典上用于足部与咽喉。",
   "safety_note": "Standard precautions; the medial plantar vessels lie nearby."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv3",
   "code": "CV3",
   "chinese": "中极",
   "english": "Zhongji",
   "pinyin": "zhōng jí",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, on the anterior midline, 4 cun below the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，前正中线上，脐下4寸。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Bladder 膀胱之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Bladder, classically recorded in relation to the lower abdomen and to urinary function.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱之募穴，传统记载与下腹部及小便相关。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdomen; classical sources carry a caution about use in pregnancy. The bladder is emptied before needling - a practitioner's concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv5",
   "code": "CV5",
   "chinese": "石门",
   "english": "Shimen",
   "pinyin": "shí mén",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, on the anterior midline, 2 cun below the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，前正中线上，脐下2寸。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the San Jiao 三焦之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the San Jiao (Triple Burner); classical texts record it for the lower abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "三焦之募穴，传统记载与下腹部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdomen; classical sources carry a caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv14",
   "code": "CV14",
   "chinese": "巨阙",
   "english": "Juque",
   "pinyin": "jù què",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline, 6 cun above the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，前正中线上，脐上6寸。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Heart 心之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Heart; classical texts also describe it in relation to the upper abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心之募穴，传统记载亦与上腹部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The heart and liver lie deep to this level. Classical texts advise oblique needling rather than deep perpendicular insertion - a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv3",
   "code": "GV3",
   "chinese": "腰阳关",
   "english": "Yaoyangguan",
   "pinyin": "yāo yáng guān",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the lower back, on the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "腰部，后正中线上，第4腰椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the yang gate points on the Governing Vessel, classically linked to the lower back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "督脉的阳关穴之一，传统上与腰部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Needling over the spine is superficial and oblique; deep insertion toward the spinal canal is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv9",
   "code": "GV9",
   "chinese": "至阳",
   "english": "Zhiyang",
   "pinyin": "zhì yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, on the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "背部，后正中线上，第7胸椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Recorded in classical texts in relation to the chest and the upper back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统记载与胸背部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Needling over the spine is superficial and oblique; the spinal canal and the pleura limit depth."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv12",
   "code": "GV12",
   "chinese": "身柱",
   "english": "Shenzhu",
   "pinyin": "shēn zhù",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, on the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "背部，后正中线上，第3胸椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means pillar of the body; classical texts link it to the upper back and the spine.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为身体的支柱，传统记载与上背及脊柱相关。",
   "safety_note": "Superficial needling over the spine. The lung lies beneath, so depth is limited and oblique direction is preferred."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl43",
   "code": "BL43",
   "chinese": "膏肓",
   "english": "Gaohuang",
   "pinyin": "gāo huāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "背部，第4胸椎棘突下，旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "In classical imagery it sits between the heart and the diaphragm; among the most cited points in tonic literature.",
   "classical_note_zh": "古代喻为心下膈上之处，是补益类文献中被引用最多的腧穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies immediately beneath. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; deep perpendicular needling carries a pneumothorax risk."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl52",
   "code": "BL52",
   "chinese": "志室",
   "english": "Zhishi",
   "pinyin": "zhì shì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lower back, 3 cun lateral to the depression below the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "腰部，第2腰椎棘突下，旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Recorded in classical literature alongside the Kidney-related points of the lower back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统文献中与腰部肾系腧穴并列记载。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath. Needling is oblique and deep perpendicular insertion is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl54",
   "code": "BL54",
   "chinese": "秩边",
   "english": "Zhibian",
   "pinyin": "zhì biān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the buttock, at the level of the fourth sacral foramen, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "臀部，平第4骶后孔，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the Bladder meridian; classical texts place it for the lower back and the leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经最末一穴，传统记载与腰腿相关。",
   "safety_note": "The sciatic nerve passes near here; a shooting or electric sensation signals the needle is close, and a practitioner would withdraw slightly."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st37",
   "code": "ST37",
   "chinese": "上巨虚",
   "english": "Shangjuxu",
   "pinyin": "shàng jù xū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterolateral leg, 6 cun below ST36, one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "小腿前外侧，足三里下6寸，胫骨前缘外一横指。",
   "special_category": "Lower He-sea of the Large Intestine 大肠之下合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The lower he-sea point of the Large Intestine; classical texts group it with the abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠之下合穴，传统上与腹部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. Needling is kept off the periosteum of the tibia."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st39",
   "code": "ST39",
   "chinese": "下巨虚",
   "english": "Xiajuxu",
   "pinyin": "xià jù xū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterolateral leg, 9 cun below ST36, one finger-breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "小腿前外侧，足三里下9寸，胫骨前缘外一横指。",
   "special_category": "Lower He-sea of the Small Intestine 小肠之下合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The lower he-sea point of the Small Intestine.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠之下合穴。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. Needling is kept off the periosteum of the tibia."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st42",
   "code": "ST42",
   "chinese": "冲阳",
   "english": "Chongyang",
   "pinyin": "chōng yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, at the highest point of the arch, where the dorsal artery of the foot is felt.",
   "location_zh": "足背最高处，足背动脉搏动处。",
   "special_category": "Yuan-source 原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The source point of the Stomach meridian; classical texts note the pulse felt at this spot.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胃经原穴，传统记载注意到此处可触及脉搏。",
   "safety_note": "The dorsal artery of the foot runs here; classical texts advise avoiding the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st45",
   "code": "ST45",
   "chinese": "厉兑",
   "english": "Lidui",
   "pinyin": "lì duì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the second toe, about 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "第2趾外侧趾甲角旁约0.1寸。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The well point of the Stomach meridian, classically placed at the extremity where Qi is said to emerge.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胃经井穴，经典列于四肢末端，认为经气由此而出。",
   "safety_note": "Well points are traditionally bled rather than needled deeply - a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te10",
   "code": "TE10",
   "chinese": "天井",
   "english": "Tianjing",
   "pinyin": "tiān jǐng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterior arm, in the depression 1 cun above the tip of the olecranon when the elbow is flexed.",
   "location_zh": "臂外侧，屈肘时肘尖（尺骨鹰嘴）上1寸凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The he-sea point of the San Jiao, classically recorded with the elbow and the arm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "三焦经合穴，传统记载与肘臂相关。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar nerve and the olecranon bursa lie nearby. Routine use is low risk; deep needling is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si4",
   "code": "SI4",
   "chinese": "腕骨",
   "english": "Wangu",
   "pinyin": "wàn gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the ulnar side of the hand, in the depression between the base of the fifth metacarpal and the triquetral bone.",
   "location_zh": "手掌尺侧，第5掌骨基底与三角骨之间凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Yuan-source 原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The source point of the Small Intestine meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经原穴。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice; the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve passes nearby."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si8",
   "code": "SI8",
   "chinese": "小海",
   "english": "Xiaohai",
   "pinyin": "xiǎo hǎi",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "Between the olecranon and the medial epicondyle of the humerus, in the depression felt when the elbow is slightly flexed.",
   "location_zh": "肘内侧，尺骨鹰嘴与肱骨内上髁之间凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The he-sea point of the Small Intestine meridian, classically recorded at the elbow.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经合穴，传统记载位于肘部。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar nerve lies directly here; a strong electric sensation is expected, and a practitioner limits the depth."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr5",
   "code": "LR5",
   "chinese": "蠡沟",
   "english": "Ligou",
   "pinyin": "lí gōu",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial lower leg, 5 cun above the tip of the medial malleolus, on the midline of the medial tibial surface.",
   "location_zh": "小腿内侧，内踝尖上5寸，胫骨内侧面中央。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The luo-connecting point of the Liver meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝经之络穴。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice; the tibia lies beneath, so the needle is kept superficial."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr8",
   "code": "LR8",
   "chinese": "曲泉",
   "english": "Ququan",
   "pinyin": "qū quán",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the knee, at the anterior end of the semitendinosus tendon when the knee is flexed.",
   "location_zh": "膝内侧，屈膝时半腱肌腱内侧端前缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The he-sea point of the Liver meridian, classically recorded at the knee.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝经合穴，传统记载位于膝部。",
   "safety_note": "The saphenous vein and nerve run through this region; classical texts advise avoiding the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki5",
   "code": "KI5",
   "chinese": "水泉",
   "english": "Shuiquan",
   "pinyin": "shuǐ quán",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "Below the medial malleolus, in the depression 1 cun directly below KI3.",
   "location_zh": "内踝后下方，太溪直下1寸凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Kidney meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肾经之郄穴。",
   "safety_note": "The medial calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve are here; routine needling is superficial."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr13",
   "code": "LR13",
   "chinese": "章门",
   "english": "Zhangmen",
   "pinyin": "zhāng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral abdomen, below the free end of the eleventh rib.",
   "location_zh": "侧腹部，第11肋游离端下方。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Spleen · hui of the zang 脾之募穴·脏会",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Spleen and the meeting point of the five zang; classical texts relate it to the flank.",
   "classical_note_zh": "脾之募穴，又是八会穴之脏会，传统记载与胁肋相关。",
   "safety_note": "The liver on the right and the spleen on the left lie just beneath. Needling is superficial and oblique - a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb25",
   "code": "GB25",
   "chinese": "京门",
   "english": "Jingmen",
   "pinyin": "jīng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral lower back, below the free end of the twelfth rib.",
   "location_zh": "侧腰部，第12肋游离端下方。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Kidney 肾之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Kidney; classical texts record it for the flank and the lower back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肾之募穴，传统记载与胁腰相关。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath. Needling is superficial and oblique, and deep insertion is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb24",
   "code": "GB24",
   "chinese": "日月",
   "english": "Riyue",
   "pinyin": "rì yuè",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the seventh intercostal space, directly below GB23.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第7肋间隙，乳头直下。",
   "special_category": "Front-mu of the Gallbladder 胆之募穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The front-mu point of the Gallbladder; classical texts relate it to the flank and the ribcage.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胆之募穴，传统记载与胁肋相关。",
   "safety_note": "The lung borders this space and the liver lies below it on the right; classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu2",
   "code": "LU2",
   "chinese": "云门",
   "english": "Yunmen",
   "pinyin": "yún mén",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "In the anterior thoracic region, in the depression of the infraclavicular fossa, 6 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，锁骨下窝凹陷处，前正中线旁开 6 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The second point of the Lung meridian, in the upper chest; classical texts associate this region with the Lung's Qi and with the shoulder.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肺经第二穴，位于上胸部；传统文献将此处与肺气及肩部相联系。",
   "safety_note": "The apex of the lung lies beneath this point. Classical sources warn against deep needling here and record an oblique, outward direction instead."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu3",
   "code": "LU3",
   "chinese": "天府",
   "english": "Tianfu",
   "pinyin": "tiān fǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the anterolateral aspect of the arm, 3 cun inferior to the level of the anterior axillary fold, on the radial side of the biceps brachii muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在臂前区，腋前纹头下 3 寸，肱二头肌桡侧缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Recorded in classical texts in relation to the upper arm; the name 'heavenly storehouse' links it to what the Lung is said to hold.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统文献记载与上臂相关；穴名「天府」（天之府库）在经典中与肺所藏相联系。",
   "safety_note": "The cephalic vein and the musculocutaneous nerve run through this region; texts advise staying clear of the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu4",
   "code": "LU4",
   "chinese": "侠白",
   "english": "Xiabai",
   "pinyin": "xiá bái",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the anterolateral aspect of the arm, 4 cun inferior to the level of the anterior axillary fold, on the radial side of the biceps brachii muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在臂前区，腋前纹头下 4 寸，肱二头肌桡侧缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A Lung-meridian point of the upper arm, recorded alongside Tianfu in the classical sequence.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肺经上臂部腧穴，经典中常与天府并列记载。",
   "safety_note": "Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves pass here; the recorded approach keeps away from the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lu8",
   "code": "LU8",
   "chinese": "经渠",
   "english": "Jingqu",
   "pinyin": "jīng qú",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyin Lung",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阴肺经",
   "location_en": "On the anterolateral aspect of the forearm, between the radial styloid process and the radial artery, 1 cun above the wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂前区，桡骨茎突与桡动脉之间，腕掌侧远端横纹上 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The jing-river point of the Lung meridian; classical texts note that the radial artery passes at this spot.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肺经经穴；经典注明此处为桡动脉所过之处。",
   "safety_note": "The radial artery is directly at the point. Classical sources record that this point is more often treated by moxa than by needle."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc1",
   "code": "PC1",
   "chinese": "天池",
   "english": "Tianchi",
   "pinyin": "tiān chí",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "In the anterior thoracic region, in the 4th intercostal space, 5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，第 4 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Pericardium and the Foot Shaoyang 手厥阴与足少阳交会穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Pericardium meridian, and a meeting point with the Gallbladder channel; classically associated with the chest.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经首穴，并与足少阳胆经交会；经典中与胸部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The chest wall is thin here and the lung lies beneath; classical texts warn against deep needling in the intercostal space."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc2",
   "code": "PC2",
   "chinese": "天泉",
   "english": "Tianquan",
   "pinyin": "tiān quán",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the arm, between the two heads of the biceps brachii muscle, 2 cun inferior to the level of the anterior axillary fold.",
   "location_zh": "在臂前区，腋前纹头下 2 寸，肱二头肌两头之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A Pericardium-meridian point of the upper arm, recorded in classical texts for the inner aspect of the arm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经上臂部腧穴，经典记载与臂内侧相关。",
   "safety_note": "The brachial vessels and the median nerve lie in the space between the muscle heads; avoid needling into the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc3",
   "code": "PC3",
   "chinese": "曲泽",
   "english": "Quze",
   "pinyin": "qū zé",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the arm, at the ulnar side of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle, at the level of the elbow crease.",
   "location_zh": "在肘前区，肘横纹上，肱二头肌腱的尺侧缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "He-sea 合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The he-sea point of the Pericardium meridian; classical texts record it for the elbow and for the chest region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经合穴；经典记载与肘部及胸部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The brachial artery and the median nerve lie immediately deep to the point; texts advise avoiding the vessel and not needling deeply."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc4",
   "code": "PC4",
   "chinese": "郄门",
   "english": "Ximen",
   "pinyin": "xì mén",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, between the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis, 5 cun superior to the palmar wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上 5 寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Pericardium meridian; xi-cleft points are classically recorded for acute and sudden conditions.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经郄穴；经典将郄穴记于急性、突发类病证。",
   "safety_note": "The median nerve runs between the two tendons here; a sharp electric sensation means the needle has reached the nerve and should be withdrawn."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc5",
   "code": "PC5",
   "chinese": "间使",
   "english": "Jianshi",
   "pinyin": "jiān shǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, between the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis, 3 cun superior to the palmar wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上 3 寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The jing-river point of the Pericardium meridian, classically recorded for the chest and the upper abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经经穴；经典记载与胸部及胃脘部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The median nerve lies in the space between the tendons; avoid directing the needle into the nerve."
  },
  {
   "slug": "pc9",
   "code": "PC9",
   "chinese": "中冲",
   "english": "Zhongchong",
   "pinyin": "zhōng chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Jueyin Pericardium",
   "meridian_zh": "手厥阴心包经",
   "location_en": "On the middle finger, at the centre of the tip of the middle finger.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，中指末端最高点。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The well point of the Pericardium meridian; classical texts place well points at the finger tips, where Qi is said to emerge.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心包经井穴。经典把井穴列于指端，认为经气由此而出。",
   "safety_note": "The fingertip is highly sensitive; the recorded practice at well points is a quick prick rather than deep needling."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht1",
   "code": "HT1",
   "chinese": "极泉",
   "english": "Jiquan",
   "pinyin": "jí quán",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "In the axilla, at the centre of the axillary fossa, medial to the axillary artery.",
   "location_zh": "在腋区，腋窝中央，腋动脉内侧。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Heart meridian; classical texts record it in relation to the inner arm and the shoulder.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经首穴；经典记载与臂内侧及肩部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The axillary artery and the brachial plexus lie here. Classical sources describe a strong sensation from the artery and advise against deep or forceful manipulation."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht2",
   "code": "HT2",
   "chinese": "青灵",
   "english": "Qingling",
   "pinyin": "qīng líng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the arm, on the line connecting HT1 and HT3, 3 cun superior to the level of the cubital crease.",
   "location_zh": "在臂前区，肘横纹上 3 寸，肱二头肌内侧沟中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A Heart-meridian point of the upper arm, recorded on the line between Jiquan and Shaohai.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经上臂部腧穴，位于极泉与少海连线上。",
   "safety_note": "The basilic vein and the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm pass through this region; avoid the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht4",
   "code": "HT4",
   "chinese": "灵道",
   "english": "Lingdao",
   "pinyin": "líng dào",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, radial to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, 1.5 cun superior to the palmar wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上 1.5 寸，尺侧腕屈肌腱的桡侧缘。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The jing-river point of the Heart meridian; classical texts record it alongside patterns involving speech.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经经穴；经典记载常与言语相关证候并列。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar artery and the ulnar nerve lie on the ulnar side of the tendon; needling is kept to the radial side."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht6",
   "code": "HT6",
   "chinese": "阴郄",
   "english": "Yinxi",
   "pinyin": "yīn xì",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "On the anteromedial aspect of the forearm, radial to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, 0.5 cun superior to the palmar wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂前区，腕掌侧远端横纹上 0.5 寸，尺侧腕屈肌腱的桡侧缘。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Heart meridian; classical texts record this point in relation to night sweating.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经郄穴；经典记载与盗汗相关。",
   "safety_note": "The ulnar artery lies immediately to the ulnar side; the recorded approach stays radial to the tendon."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht8",
   "code": "HT8",
   "chinese": "少府",
   "english": "Shaofu",
   "pinyin": "shào fǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "On the palm, between the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones, at the level of the proximal end of the 5th metacarpal bone; where the tip of the little finger rests when the fist is made.",
   "location_zh": "在手掌，第 4、5 掌骨之间，握拳时小指尖处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The spring point of the Heart meridian; the name means 'lesser palace'.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经荥穴；穴名意为「少府」，即较小的宫室。",
   "safety_note": "The palm is rich in small vessels and nerve endings; needling here is uncomfortable and belongs with a trained practitioner."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ht9",
   "code": "HT9",
   "chinese": "少冲",
   "english": "Shaochong",
   "pinyin": "shào chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyin Heart",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阴心经",
   "location_en": "On the little finger, 0.1 cun proximal to the radial corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，小指末节桡侧，指甲根角侧上方 0.1 寸（指寸）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The well point of the Heart meridian; classical texts place well points at the extremities, where Qi is said to emerge.",
   "classical_note_zh": "心经井穴；经典把井穴列于四肢末端，认为经气由此而出。",
   "safety_note": "Well points are traditionally pricked rather than needled deeply; a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li1",
   "code": "LI1",
   "chinese": "商阳",
   "english": "Shangyang",
   "pinyin": "shāng yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the index finger, 0.1 cun proximal to the radial corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，食指末节桡侧，指甲根角侧上方 0.1 寸（指寸）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The well point of the Large Intestine meridian; classical texts place well points at the finger tips, where Qi is said to emerge.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经井穴；经典把井穴列于指端，认为经气由此而出。",
   "safety_note": "Well points are traditionally pricked rather than needled deeply; a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li2",
   "code": "LI2",
   "chinese": "二间",
   "english": "Erjian",
   "pinyin": "èr jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "With the finger slightly flexed, on the radial side of the index finger, distal to the second metacarpophalangeal joint, at the border of red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，微握拳，第 2 掌指关节桡侧远端，赤白肉际凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The spring point of the Large Intestine meridian; the name means \"second interval\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经荥穴；穴名意为「第二间隙」。",
   "safety_note": "Superficial point over a small joint. The digital vessels and nerve run on the radial side; a practitioner keeps clear of them."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li3",
   "code": "LI3",
   "chinese": "三间",
   "english": "Sanjian",
   "pinyin": "sān jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "With the finger slightly flexed, on the radial side of the index finger, proximal to the second metacarpophalangeal joint, in the depression.",
   "location_zh": "在手，微握拳，第 2 掌指关节桡侧近端凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream 输穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The stream point of the Large Intestine meridian, recorded in the classical sequence of five transport points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经输穴，属五输穴序列之一。",
   "safety_note": "Sits over the radial side of the metacarpophalangeal joint; keep the needle off the joint line and the periosteum."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li5",
   "code": "LI5",
   "chinese": "阳溪",
   "english": "Yangxi",
   "pinyin": "yáng xī",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the radial aspect of the wrist, in the depression between the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (the anatomical snuffbox).",
   "location_zh": "在腕区，腕背侧远端横纹桡侧，拇长伸肌腱与拇短伸肌腱之间的凹陷中（解剖学鼻烟窝）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The jing-river point of the Large Intestine meridian; classical texts note that the pulse is felt in this hollow.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经经穴；经典注明此凹陷处可触及脉搏。",
   "safety_note": "The radial artery and the cephalic vein run through this hollow. Classical texts advise avoiding the vessel — the same caution as at Taiyuan on the Lung meridian."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li6",
   "code": "LI6",
   "chinese": "偏历",
   "english": "Pianli",
   "pinyin": "piān lì",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsal-radial forearm, on the line from Yangxi to Quchi, 3 cun above the dorsal wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，腕背侧远端横纹上 3 寸，阳溪与曲池连线上。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The luo-connecting point of the Large Intestine meridian, classically recorded in relation to the face and to water metabolism.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经络穴；经典记载与面部及水液代谢相关。",
   "safety_note": "The cephalic vein and the superficial branch of the radial nerve run along this line; avoid the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li7",
   "code": "LI7",
   "chinese": "温溜",
   "english": "Wenliu",
   "pinyin": "wēn liū",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsal-radial forearm, on the line from Yangxi to Quchi, 5 cun above the dorsal wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，腕背侧远端横纹上 5 寸，阳溪与曲池连线上。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Large Intestine meridian; xi-cleft points are classically recorded for acute and sudden conditions.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经郄穴；经典将郄穴记于急性、突发类病证。",
   "safety_note": "The superficial radial nerve lies in this region; a sharp electric sensation means the needle has reached the nerve and should be withdrawn."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li8",
   "code": "LI8",
   "chinese": "下廉",
   "english": "Xialian",
   "pinyin": "xià lián",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsal-radial forearm, on the line from Yangxi to Quchi, 4 cun below the elbow crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，肘横纹下 4 寸，阳溪与曲池连线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point of the Large Intestine meridian on the forearm, recorded in classical texts alongside Shanglian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经前臂部腧穴，经典中常与上廉并列记载。",
   "safety_note": "The radial nerve and the radial recurrent vessels pass deep to this area; routine use is low risk but deep needling is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li9",
   "code": "LI9",
   "chinese": "上廉",
   "english": "Shanglian",
   "pinyin": "shàng lián",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsal-radial forearm, on the line from Yangxi to Quchi, 3 cun below the elbow crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，肘横纹下 3 寸，阳溪与曲池连线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point of the Large Intestine meridian on the forearm; the name pairs it with Xialian below.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经前臂部腧穴；穴名与下方的下廉成对。",
   "safety_note": "Deep to the point lie the radial nerve and its branches; a tingling or shooting sensation is a signal to withdraw slightly rather than push deeper."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li12",
   "code": "LI12",
   "chinese": "肘髎",
   "english": "Zhouliao",
   "pinyin": "zhǒu liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the arm, 1 cun superior to LI11, at the anterior margin of the upper end of the humerus.",
   "location_zh": "在肘区，屈肘，曲池上 1 寸，肱骨外侧上缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A Large Intestine point of the elbow region, recorded in the classical literature on the elbow.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经肘部腧穴，经典记载与肘部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The bone is superficial here; the recorded approach avoids scraping the periosteum."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li13",
   "code": "LI13",
   "chinese": "手五里",
   "english": "Shouwuli",
   "pinyin": "shǒu wǔ lǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the arm, on the line from LI11 to LI15, 3 cun superior to LI11.",
   "location_zh": "在臂外侧，曲池与肩髃连线上，曲池上 3 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A Large Intestine point of the upper arm, classically recorded in relation to the elbow and arm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经上臂部腧穴；经典记载与肘臂相关。",
   "safety_note": "Classical texts carry a caution against deep needling here because of the vessels and nerve running at this level of the arm."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li14",
   "code": "LI14",
   "chinese": "臂臑",
   "english": "Binao",
   "pinyin": "bì nào",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the arm, on the line from LI11 to LI15, at the insertion of the deltoid muscle, 7 cun superior to LI11.",
   "location_zh": "在臂外侧，曲池与肩髃连线上，三角肌止点处，曲池上 7 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The standard point of the classical literature for the deltoid region and the shoulder.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典文献中三角肌区与肩部的常用腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "The radial nerve runs deep to the deltoid insertion; keep to the muscle, not through it."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li16",
   "code": "LI16",
   "chinese": "巨骨",
   "english": "Jugu",
   "pinyin": "jù gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "In the supraclavicular fossa, in the depression between the acromial end of the clavicle and the spine of the scapula.",
   "location_zh": "在肩胛区，锁骨肩峰端与肩胛冈之间的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Large Intestine and the Yang Qiao vessel 交阳跷脉",
   "classical_note_en": "A meeting point of the Large Intestine meridian with the Yang Qiao vessel, recorded for the shoulder region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经与阳跷脉交会穴，经典记载与肩部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The apex of the lung and the subclavian vessels lie beneath the supraclavicular fossa. Classical texts warn against deep needling here."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li17",
   "code": "LI17",
   "chinese": "天鼎",
   "english": "Tianding",
   "pinyin": "tiān dǐng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "In the anterior region of the neck, at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.",
   "location_zh": "在颈部，胸锁乳突肌后缘，环状软骨（喉结）上缘水平。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A neck point of the Large Intestine meridian, recorded in classical texts in relation to the throat region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经颈部腧穴；经典记载与咽喉部位相关。",
   "safety_note": "The neck holds the carotid sheath, the vagus and the phrenic nerve. Classical texts advise shallow needling and avoiding the vessel."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li18",
   "code": "LI18",
   "chinese": "扶突",
   "english": "Futu",
   "pinyin": "fú tū",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "In the anterior region of the neck, at the lateral neck, at the midpoint between the laryngeal prominence and the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, at the level of the laryngeal prominence.",
   "location_zh": "在颈部，喉结旁开 3 寸，胸锁乳突肌前缘与后缘之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A neck point recorded in classical texts in relation to the throat and to speech.",
   "classical_note_zh": "经典记载与咽喉及言语相关的颈部腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "The carotid artery and the carotid sinus lie close to this point. Deep needling is warned against in classical texts and belongs with a trained practitioner."
  },
  {
   "slug": "li19",
   "code": "LI19",
   "chinese": "口禾髎",
   "english": "Kouheliao",
   "pinyin": "kǒu hé liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Yangming Large Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手阳明大肠经",
   "location_en": "On the face, directly below the nostril, level with the midpoint of the philtrum, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，鼻孔外缘直下，横平人中沟中点，前正中线旁开 0.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last facial point of the Large Intestine meridian before Yingxiang; the name refers to grain carried to the mouth.",
   "classical_note_zh": "大肠经末段面部腧穴，位于迎香之前；穴名意指入口之禾谷。",
   "safety_note": "On the face, in an area of fine vessels. The recorded approach is shallow; light pressing is the usual self-use."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si1",
   "code": "SI1",
   "chinese": "少泽",
   "english": "Shaoze",
   "pinyin": "shào zé",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the little finger, 0.1 cun proximal to the ulnar corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，小指末节尺侧，指甲根角侧上方 0.1 寸（指寸）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Small Intestine meridian and its well point. In the classical scheme well points sit at the tips of the fingers and toes, where the meridian Qi is said to emerge at the surface. The name means \"lesser marsh\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经起始穴，亦为其井穴。古典以井穴列于四肢末端，认为经气由此而出。穴名意为「小泽」。",
   "safety_note": "Well points are traditionally pricked for a drop of blood rather than needled deeply; the point lies beside the nail bed and is extremely superficial. Any needling here is a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si2",
   "code": "SI2",
   "chinese": "前谷",
   "english": "Qiangu",
   "pinyin": "qián gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "With the hand in a loose fist, on the ulnar side of the little finger, distal to the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint, at the border of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "微握拳，在手指，小指尺侧，第 5 掌指关节远端，赤白肉际凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The spring point of the Small Intestine meridian — the second of the five transport points, where the flow of Qi is described as just beginning to move. The name means \"front valley\", after the hollow in front of the knuckle.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经荥穴，为五输穴之第二穴，经典描述此处经气始流。穴名取自掌指关节前的凹陷，意为「前之谷」。",
   "safety_note": "A superficial point over a small joint; the digital nerve and vessels run alongside it. Depth and direction are a practitioner judgment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si5",
   "code": "SI5",
   "chinese": "阳谷",
   "english": "Yanggu",
   "pinyin": "yáng gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the posteromedial aspect of the wrist, in the depression between the styloid process of the ulna and the triquetral bone.",
   "location_zh": "在腕部，尺骨茎突与三角骨之间的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The river point of the Small Intestine meridian — the fourth of the five transport points, placed where classical texts describe the flow as passing through a channel. The name means \"yang valley\", after the hollow between the two bony landmarks on the outer side of the wrist.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经经穴，为五输穴之第四穴，经典描述此处经气盛大而通行。穴名取腕部两骨间凹陷之形，意为「阳侧之谷」。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits between two bony landmarks on the ulnar side of the wrist. The ulnar artery and nerve pass close by on the palmar side; keeping clear of them is a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si7",
   "code": "SI7",
   "chinese": "支正",
   "english": "Zhizheng",
   "pinyin": "zhī zhèng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the posteromedial aspect of the forearm, on the line joining SI5 and SI8, 5 cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后内侧，阳谷（SI5）与小海（SI8）连线上，腕背侧远端横纹上 5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The luo-connecting point of the Small Intestine meridian. In the classical scheme a luo point is where the meridian branches off to join its paired interior-exterior meridian — here the Small Intestine connects with the Heart. The name means \"the branch that goes straight\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经络穴。古典认为络穴是经脉分出、与相表里之经相联系的部位，小肠经于此联络手少阴心经。穴名意为「旁支之正」。",
   "safety_note": "No vital structure lies directly in the path, but the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm runs through this region. Depth is a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si9",
   "code": "SI9",
   "chinese": "肩贞",
   "english": "Jianzhen",
   "pinyin": "jiān zhēn",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the shoulder girdle, posteroinferior to the shoulder joint; with the arm adducted against the trunk, 1 cun superior to the posterior end of the axillary fold.",
   "location_zh": "在肩胛区，肩关节后下方，臂内收时，腋后纹头直上 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the meridian to reach the shoulder girdle. The name is read as \"shoulder steadfastness\" — classical point names on this part of the body frequently describe the place rather than any use.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经循行至肩部的第一穴。穴名解作「肩之贞固」，与古典穴名多以部位与形态命名的习惯一致。",
   "safety_note": "This point lies next to the shoulder joint capsule and the brachial plexus passes close to the axillary fold. Depth and angle are a practitioner judgement; it is not a point for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si10",
   "code": "SI10",
   "chinese": "臑俞",
   "english": "Naoshu",
   "pinyin": "nào shū",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the shoulder girdle, directly superior to the posterior end of the axillary fold, in the depression inferior to the lateral end of the spine of the scapula.",
   "location_zh": "在肩胛区，腋后纹头直上，肩胛冈下缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为小肠经与阳维脉、阳蹻脉之交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The second shoulder point in the classical sequence. The name refers to the upper arm (臑) and to a transport point (俞); the meridian is recorded here as meeting the Yang Link and Yang Heel vessels in some classical lists.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经肩部第二穴。穴名取「臑」（上臂）与「俞」（输注之处）；部分古典文献以此处为小肠经与阳维脉、阳蹻脉交会之所。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits over the scapula, and the bone limits how far a needle can go. Directing the needle toward the chest wall rather than along the bone is a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si12",
   "code": "SI12",
   "chinese": "秉风",
   "english": "Bingfeng",
   "pinyin": "bǐng fēng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the scapular region, in the centre of the suprascapular fossa, directly superior to SI11.",
   "location_zh": "在肩胛区，肩胛冈上窝中央凹陷中，天宗（SI11）直上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Sits in the suprascapular fossa above SI11. The name is read as \"grasping wind\" — classical naming often links shoulder and upper back points to wind (风) as a traditional category of cause for discomfort in this region. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于肩胛冈上窝，在天宗（SI11）直上。穴名解作「秉持风邪之所」——古典常以「风」解释肩背上部的传统病因类别，此处沿用其命名习惯，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the scapula, with the suprascapular nerve and vessels running through the fossa. Depth and direction are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si13",
   "code": "SI13",
   "chinese": "曲垣",
   "english": "Quyuan",
   "pinyin": "qū yuán",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the scapular region, at the medial end of the suprascapular fossa, at the midpoint between SI10 and the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "在肩胛区，肩胛冈上窝内侧端，臑俞（SI10）与第 2 胸椎棘突连线的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The third point on the scapula in the classical sequence. The name means \"curved wall\", after the curved medial border of the spine of the scapula where it sits.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经肩胛部第三穴。穴名取肩胛冈内侧端弯曲如墙之形，意为「曲之垣」。",
   "safety_note": "Sits over the medial scapula. Bone limits depth in most people, but angling the needle medially toward the spine is a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si14",
   "code": "SI14",
   "chinese": "肩外俞",
   "english": "Jianwaishu",
   "pinyin": "jiān wài shū",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the upper back region, at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra, 3 cun lateral to the posterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "在背部，第 1 胸椎棘突下旁开 3 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The outer one of the two \"shoulder transport\" points on the upper back — SI15 is the inner one. The name records the position rather than any use: a transport point (俞) on the outer side of the shoulder region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背部两个「肩俞」穴中偏外的一个（内侧为肩中俞 SI15）。穴名记录位置，即肩部外侧之俞穴，不含用途表述。",
   "safety_note": "An upper back point over the rib plane, with the lung beneath. Pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply in this region, so depth and angle are strictly a practitioner judgement. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si15",
   "code": "SI15",
   "chinese": "肩中俞",
   "english": "Jianzhongshu",
   "pinyin": "jiān zhōng shū",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the upper back region, at the level of the lower border of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, 2 cun lateral to the posterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "在背部，第 7 颈椎棘突下旁开 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The inner one of the two \"shoulder transport\" points, level with the seventh cervical vertebra. It sits where the meridian on the back approaches the neck.",
   "classical_note_zh": "两个「肩俞」穴中偏内的一个，平第 7 颈椎棘突，位于小肠经由背部上行接近颈项之处。",
   "safety_note": "Over the rib plane at the top of the back, with the lung beneath. Depth and angle are a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si16",
   "code": "SI16",
   "chinese": "天窗",
   "english": "Tianchuang",
   "pinyin": "tiān chuāng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the lateral region of the neck, at the level of the laryngeal prominence, on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在颈外侧部，平喉结，胸锁乳突肌后缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A neck point of the meridian. The name means \"celestial window\" — classical texts habitually name points on the head and neck with 天 (heaven), and this one is read as an opening on the upper part of the body.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经颈部穴。穴名意为「天之窗」，古典对头颈部穴位常以「天」字命名，此穴解作人体上部之开窍处。",
   "safety_note": "The lateral neck contains the carotid vessels, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve and the cervical plexus within a short distance of the skin. Needling here is a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si17",
   "code": "SI17",
   "chinese": "天容",
   "english": "Tianrong",
   "pinyin": "tiān róng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "In the lateral region of the neck, posterior to the angle of the mandible, in the depression on the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在颈外侧部，下颌角后方，胸锁乳突肌前缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last neck point before the meridian turns upward onto the cheek. The name is read as \"celestial appearance\", one of several classical names on the neck that use 天.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经颈部的最后一穴，此后经脉上行至面颊。穴名解作「天之容」，属古典颈项部以「天」命名的一组穴位。",
   "safety_note": "Close to the carotid bifurcation, the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve, and near the nerves that supply the tongue and the floor of the mouth. Needling here is a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "si18",
   "code": "SI18",
   "chinese": "颧髎",
   "english": "Quanliao",
   "pinyin": "quán liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Taiyang Small Intestine",
   "meridian_zh": "手太阳小肠经",
   "location_en": "On the face, directly below the outer canthus of the eye, in the depression below the lower border of the zygomatic bone.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，目外眦直下，颧骨下缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为小肠经与三焦经之交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The only point of the meridian on the cheek, and the last before SI19 in front of the ear. The name names the bone directly: 颧 is the cheek bone, 髎 a hole or depression. Some classical lists record it as the meeting of the Small Intestine and Triple Burner meridians.",
   "classical_note_zh": "小肠经在面颊部的唯一穴位，也是经脉上行至耳前听宫（SI19）之前的最后一穴。穴名直指所在之骨：颧为颧骨，髎为骨隙凹陷。部分古典文献以此处为小肠经与三焦经之交会。",
   "safety_note": "On the cheek over the zygomatic bone, where the infraorbital nerve and branches of the facial nerve cross and the skin is thin. Directing a needle toward the eye is avoided; this is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te1",
   "code": "TE1",
   "chinese": "关冲",
   "english": "Guanchong",
   "pinyin": "guān chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the ring finger, on the ulnar side of the distal phalanx, 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，第4指末节尺侧，指甲根角旁开0.1寸（指寸）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The jing-well point of the channel, where the channel is described as beginning. Classical texts associate it with the throat and the tongue.",
   "classical_note_zh": "本经井穴，为经气所出之处。文献记载与咽喉、舌相关。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits beside the nail bed at the fingertip. Needling here is shallow and briskly painful, and the area is easily infected; avoid the point when the local skin is broken or infected."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te2",
   "code": "TE2",
   "chinese": "液门",
   "english": "Yemen",
   "pinyin": "yè mén",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the hand, between the little and ring fingers, in the depression at the junction of the red and white skin just proximal to the margin of the interdigital web.",
   "location_zh": "在手背，第4、5指间，指蹼缘后方赤白肉际凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The ying-spring point of the channel, classically grouped with points used for the head and the ears.",
   "classical_note_zh": "本经荥穴。经典中与头面、耳部相关的常用配伍穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "The interdigital web is thin: the interosseous muscle and the metacarpophalangeal joint capsule lie just beneath it, with digital vessels alongside. Keep needling superficial, and avoid the point when the local skin is broken or infected."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te7",
   "code": "TE7",
   "chinese": "会宗",
   "english": "Huizong",
   "pinyin": "huì zōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterior aspect of the forearm, 3 cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease, on the radial border of the ulna.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，腕背横纹上3寸，尺骨的桡侧缘。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the channel. In the classical scheme, xi-cleft points are the ones recorded for acute presentations along a channel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "本经郄穴。经典中郄穴多与经络循行部位的急症相关。",
   "safety_note": "Branches of the posterior interosseous nerve and artery run in this part of the forearm. Keep needling within the safe interval and avoid forceful deep insertion."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te8",
   "code": "TE8",
   "chinese": "三阳络",
   "english": "Sanyangluo",
   "pinyin": "sān yáng luò",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterior aspect of the forearm, 4 cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease, in the interval between the radius and the ulna.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，腕背横纹上4寸，尺骨与桡骨之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named for the three yang channels of the arm. Classical sources describe it as a place where their influence meets on the forearm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "以手三阳而得名，文献记载为手三阳经气在前臂交会之处。",
   "safety_note": "The posterior interosseous nerve and vessels lie between the two bones at this level. Keep needling within the interosseous interval and avoid forceful deep insertion."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te9",
   "code": "TE9",
   "chinese": "四渎",
   "english": "Sidu",
   "pinyin": "sì dú",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterior aspect of the forearm, 5 cun distal to the olecranon, in the interval between the radius and the ulna.",
   "location_zh": "在前臂后区，肘尖下5寸，尺骨与桡骨之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means 'four rivers' (an old term for the four great waterways). It is recorded among the forearm points of this channel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "以「四渎」为名（古称江、河、淮、济为四渎），文献记载为本经在前臂的常用穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "The interval between the radius and the ulna here contains branches of the posterior interosseous nerve and vessels. Keep needling within the interosseous space and avoid deep or forceful insertion."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te11",
   "code": "TE11",
   "chinese": "清冷渊",
   "english": "Qinglengyuan",
   "pinyin": "qīng lěng yuān",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterior aspect of the arm, 2 cun proximal to the olecranon.",
   "location_zh": "在臂后区，肘尖上2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means 'cool deep pool'. It is recorded among the points on the posterior aspect of the upper arm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "以「清冷渊」为名，文献记载为臂后区本经腧穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "The triceps muscle covers this region, and the ulnar nerve runs medially behind the elbow. Avoid deep or forceful insertion, and keep clear of the nerve territory around the olecranon."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te14",
   "code": "TE14",
   "chinese": "肩髎",
   "english": "Jianliao",
   "pinyin": "jiān liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "In the shoulder region, in the depression between the acromial angle and the greater tubercle of the humerus.",
   "location_zh": "在肩带部，肩峰角与肱骨大结节两骨间凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point of the shoulder region, recorded for the shoulder and the upper arm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肩部经典腧穴，文献记载与肩部及上臂相关。",
   "safety_note": "The point lies next to the shoulder joint, and the joint capsule is only a short distance beneath it. Deep insertion can enter the joint; this point belongs to trained hands."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te15",
   "code": "TE15",
   "chinese": "天髎",
   "english": "Tianliao",
   "pinyin": "tiān liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "In the scapular region, in the depression superior to the superior angle of the scapula.",
   "location_zh": "在肩胛区，肩胛骨上角上方凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point of the upper scapular region, recorded for the shoulder and the neck.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肩胛区上部经典腧穴，文献记载与肩部及颈项相关。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits over the upper medial border of the scapula, and the thorax lies beneath the scapular plane. Deep insertion in this region carries a documented risk of pneumothorax; this point belongs to trained hands."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te16",
   "code": "TE16",
   "chinese": "天牖",
   "english": "Tianyou",
   "pinyin": "tiān yǒu",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the neck, level with the angle of the mandible, in the depression posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在颈侧，横平下颌角，胸锁乳突肌的后缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point on the side of the neck, recorded for the head, the neck and the ear.",
   "classical_note_zh": "颈侧经典腧穴，文献记载与头颈及耳部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The neck contains major vessels and nerves: the carotid sheath lies anterior to this point, and branches of the cervical plexus are close by. Superficial needling only, and this point belongs to trained hands."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te18",
   "code": "TE18",
   "chinese": "颅息",
   "english": "Luxi",
   "pinyin": "lú xī",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the head, behind the ear, at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the curved line drawn along the helix between Jiaosun (TE20) and Yifeng (TE17).",
   "location_zh": "在头部，角孙与翳风沿耳轮弧形连线的上1/3与中1/3交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point of the postauricular region, recorded for the ear.",
   "classical_note_zh": "耳后区经典腧穴，文献记载与耳部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The posterior auricular vessels and the greater auricular nerve lie immediately beneath the skin here, over the mastoid process. Needling is superficial; in infants the mastoid is not fully formed, and this point is not used on them."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te19",
   "code": "TE19",
   "chinese": "瘈脉",
   "english": "Chimai",
   "pinyin": "chì mài",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the head, at the centre of the mastoid process, at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the curved line drawn along the helix between Jiaosun (TE20) and Yifeng (TE17).",
   "location_zh": "在头部，乳突中央，角孙与翳风沿耳轮弧形连线的中1/3与下1/3交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point over the mastoid, recorded for the ear and the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "乳突部经典腧穴，文献记载与耳部及头疾相关。",
   "safety_note": "The posterior auricular artery and vein run directly over the mastoid at this spot. Needling is superficial, and the point is not used on infants, whose mastoid process is not yet developed."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te20",
   "code": "TE20",
   "chinese": "角孙",
   "english": "Jiaosun",
   "pinyin": "jiǎo sūn",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the head, directly above the apex of the ear, within the hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，耳尖正对发际处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point at the upper border of the ear, recorded for the eye and the side of the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "耳上方经典腧穴，文献记载与目疾及头侧相关。",
   "safety_note": "Branches of the superficial temporal vessels lie immediately beneath the skin. Needling is subcutaneous (transverse), and the hair-bearing scalp needs clean technique to avoid local infection."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te21",
   "code": "TE21",
   "chinese": "耳门",
   "english": "Ermen",
   "pinyin": "ěr mén",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "In the region anterior to the ear, in the depression between the supratragic notch and the condylar process of the mandible.",
   "location_zh": "在耳区，耳屏上切迹与下颌骨髁突之间的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point in front of the ear, recorded for the ear and the jaw.",
   "classical_note_zh": "耳前经典腧穴，文献记载与耳部及下颌相关。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits over the temporomandibular joint, with the superficial temporal artery and the auriculotemporal nerve close by. It is located with the mouth open, and should be needled by trained hands only."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te22",
   "code": "TE22",
   "chinese": "耳和髎",
   "english": "Erheliao",
   "pinyin": "ěr hé liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the head, at the posterior border of the sideburns, in front of the root of the auricle, posterior to the superficial temporal artery.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，鬓发后缘，耳廓根的前方，颞浅动脉的后缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point in front of the ear, recorded for the ear and the side of the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "耳前经典腧穴，文献记载与耳部及头侧相关。",
   "safety_note": "The superficial temporal artery and the auriculotemporal nerve lie immediately in front of this point. Palpate first and keep clear of the vessel; needling is superficial."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te23",
   "code": "TE23",
   "chinese": "丝竹空",
   "english": "Sizhukong",
   "pinyin": "sī zhú kōng",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang San Jiao",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the face, in the depression at the lateral end of the eyebrow.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，眉梢凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the channel, classically recorded for the eye and the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "本经末穴，经典中记载与目疾及头部相关。",
   "safety_note": "The point lies at the lateral end of the eyebrow, close to the orbital rim and to the eye itself. Needling is subcutaneous, and this point belongs to trained hands."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te12",
   "code": "TE12",
   "chinese": "消泺",
   "english": "Xiaoluo",
   "pinyin": "xiāo luò",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang Triple Burner",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterolateral aspect of the arm, at the midpoint of the line joining TE11 (Qinglengyuan) and TE13 (Nahui).",
   "location_zh": "在臂后外侧，清冷渊（TE11）与臑会（TE13）连线的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The twelfth point of the Triple Burner meridian. The name is read as \"dissolving the marsh\" — classical naming in this region often describes the dispersion of local stagnation. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "三焦经第十二穴。穴名解为「消解壅滞之泽」，属古典分部命名习惯，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "No major vessel lies directly beneath, but the radial and ulnar nerves and the deep brachial vessels run through this region; depth and angle are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "te13",
   "code": "TE13",
   "chinese": "臑会",
   "english": "Nahui",
   "pinyin": "nào huì",
   "meridian_en": "Hand Shaoyang Triple Burner",
   "meridian_zh": "手少阳三焦经",
   "location_en": "On the posterolateral aspect of the arm, 3 cun inferior to TE14 (Jianliao), on the posterior border of the deltoid.",
   "location_zh": "在臂后外侧，肩髎（TE14）下 3 寸，三角肌后缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"meeting at the upper arm\" — the point sits where the meridian passes the bulky deltoid region. Classical texts place it among the points used to address local arm and shoulder discomfort, described as a naming convention rather than an effect claim.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「上臂之交会」，位于三焦经经过三角肌隆起处。古典文献将其列入处理局部肩臂不适的穴位，此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the posterior deltoid; the axillary and radial nerves pass nearby. Depth and angle are a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st1",
   "code": "ST1",
   "chinese": "承泣",
   "english": "Chengqi",
   "pinyin": "chéng qì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "Below the eye, in the depression between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge, directly below the pupil.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，瞳孔直下，当眼球与眶下缘之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Stomach meridian on the face. The name is read as \"receiving tears\" — classical point names on the face frequently describe the place or a local feature rather than any therapeutic claim. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胃经面部起始穴。穴名意为「承纳泪液」，古典面部穴名多以部位或局部征象命名，此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Lies just below the eye, beside the infraorbital foramen; the orbit and eyeball are directly behind. This is not a point for self-treatment, and needling depth and direction are strictly a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st3",
   "code": "ST3",
   "chinese": "巨髎",
   "english": "Juliao",
   "pinyin": "jù liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the face, at the level of the ala nasi, in the nasolabial groove, directly below the pupil.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，瞳孔直下，平鼻翼下缘处，鼻唇沟中。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为胃经与小肠经、大肠经交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"great crevice\" after the hollow of the nasolabial groove. Some classical lists record it as a meeting point of the Stomach, Large Intestine and Small Intestine meridians. The name describes the location, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取鼻唇沟之深陷，意为「巨穴之隙」。部分古典文献以此处为胃、大肠、小肠三经交会之所。穴名记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "A superficial facial point beside the nose; the facial artery and vein and the infraorbital nerve run nearby. Needling here is a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st4",
   "code": "ST4",
   "chinese": "地仓",
   "english": "Dicang",
   "pinyin": "dì cāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the face, at the corner of the mouth, about 0.4 cun lateral to the midline of the lip.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，口角旁约 0.4 寸。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为胃经与任脉、阳跷脉交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"earth granary\" — classical naming in this region uses agricultural imagery for points around the mouth and jaw. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取「地之仓廪」，古典以农事意象命名口颊部穴位。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "A facial point at the mouth corner; the facial artery and the buccal branch of the facial nerve lie nearby. Needling here is a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st5",
   "code": "ST5",
   "chinese": "大迎",
   "english": "Daying",
   "pinyin": "dà yíng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the face, anterior to the angle of the mandible, on the anterior border of the masseter muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，下颌角前方，咬肌附着部的前缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is read as \"great reception\" — classical naming around the jaw often describes the place where the meridian meets the lower face. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「大迎」，古典以颌部为经气迎聚之处命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the masseter, with the facial artery crossing just anterior to the mandible. Needling depth and direction are a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st7",
   "code": "ST7",
   "chinese": "下关",
   "english": "Xiaguan",
   "pinyin": "xià guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "In the depression below the zygomatic arch, anterior to the ear, with the mouth slightly closed.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，颧弓下缘中央凹陷中，当咬肌隆起处（闭口取穴）。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为胃经与三焦经、胆经交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"lower gate\" — the point sits at the lower of the two gates around the ear. Some classical lists record it as a meeting of the Stomach, Triple Burner and Gallbladder meridians. The name describes the location, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「下之关」，位于耳前颧弓下之陷（上关在其上）。部分古典文献以此处为胃、三焦、胆三经交会之所。穴名记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Below the zygomatic arch, close to the temporomandibular joint and the transverse facial artery; keeping clear of the joint is a practitioner judgement. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st8",
   "code": "ST8",
   "chinese": "头维",
   "english": "Touwei",
   "pinyin": "tóu wéi",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "At the corner of the forehead, 0.5 cun within the hairline, 4.5 cun lateral to the midline (GV24).",
   "location_zh": "在头侧部，额角发际直上 0.5 寸，头正中线旁开 4.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为胃经与胆经、阳维脉交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"head corner\" — the point marks the corner of the forehead where the Stomach meridian reaches the head. Some classical lists record it as a meeting of the Stomach and Gallbladder meridians and the Yang Link vessel. The name describes the location, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「头之隅角」，为胃经上头之转角处。部分古典文献以此处为胃、胆经与阳维脉之交会。穴名记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "On the temple, over the branch of the superficial temporal artery; the supraorbital and zygomatic nerves pass nearby. Needling here is a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st9",
   "code": "ST9",
   "chinese": "人迎",
   "english": "Renying",
   "pinyin": "rén yíng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the neck, at the level of the laryngeal prominence, between the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, over the carotid pulse.",
   "location_zh": "在颈部，喉结旁，胸锁乳突肌前缘，颈总动脉搏动处。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为胃经与少阳经交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"human welcome\" — classical naming on the neck frequently links points here to the pulse felt at the throat. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「人迎」，古典以颈部脉动处命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Lies directly over the carotid pulse; the carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve are all within centimetres. Needling here is strictly a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st10",
   "code": "ST10",
   "chinese": "水突",
   "english": "Shuitu",
   "pinyin": "shuǐ tū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the neck, on the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, midway between ST9 and ST11.",
   "location_zh": "在颈部，胸锁乳突肌前缘，当人迎（ST9）与气舍（ST11）连线中点。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"water prominence\" — classical naming in this part of the neck uses the imagery of water for points near the throat and airway. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「水之突起」，古典以颈部近咽喉处用水象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the neck over the carotid sheath, with the thyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve nearby. Needling here is a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st13",
   "code": "ST13",
   "chinese": "气户",
   "english": "Qihu",
   "pinyin": "qì hù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the depression at the lateral end of the clavicle, 4 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，锁骨中点下缘，距前正中线 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"qi door\" — the point is the first of the Stomach meridian's chest points, where the meridian is said to present at the upper chest. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「气之户」，为胃经胸部诸穴之首，古典认为经气于此显于上胸。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper chest with the lung and apical vessels beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply here, so depth and angle are strictly a practitioner judgement. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st16",
   "code": "ST16",
   "chinese": "膺窗",
   "english": "Yingchuang",
   "pinyin": "yīng chuāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the 3rd intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，第 3 肋间隙，距前正中线 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"chest window\" — classical naming on the chest uses window imagery for points over the thoracic wall. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「胸膺之窗」，古典以「窗」象喻胸廓部穴位。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the rib cage with the lung beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply in the upper chest, so depth and angle are a practitioner judgement. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st17",
   "code": "ST17",
   "chinese": "乳中",
   "english": "Ruzhong",
   "pinyin": "rǔ zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, at the centre of the nipple, in the 4th intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，乳头中央，第 4 肋间隙。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"centre of the breast\" — the point marks the nipple and is used classically as a surface landmark for locating other points rather than as a needling site. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「乳之正中」，古典多用作标定其他穴位位置的体表标志，而非针刺处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "A surface landmark at the nipple; not used for needling. The underlying breast tissue and the 4th intercostal vessels lie beneath, so any intervention here is a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st18",
   "code": "ST18",
   "chinese": "乳根",
   "english": "Rugen",
   "pinyin": "rǔ gēn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the 5th intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the midline, directly below the nipple.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，乳头直下，第 5 肋间隙，距前正中线 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"breast root\" — the point sits at the base of the breast, below the nipple. Classical naming here describes the place rather than any use. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「乳之根」，位于乳房下缘、乳头直下。穴名记部位，不含用途表述。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower chest with the lung and heart border beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply here, so depth and angle are a practitioner judgement. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st19",
   "code": "ST19",
   "chinese": "不容",
   "english": "Burong",
   "pinyin": "bù róng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 6 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在上腹部，脐上 6 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"not containing\" — classically read as the place where the upper abdomen is said to refuse overfilling. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「不容」，古典解为上腹拒绝过满之处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall, with the stomach and liver edge lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st20",
   "code": "ST20",
   "chinese": "承满",
   "english": "Chengman",
   "pinyin": "chéng mǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 5 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在上腹部，脐上 5 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"receiving fullness\" — the point sits just below ST19, where the abdomen is said to receive what fills it. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「承纳胀满」，位于不容（ST19）之下，古典认为腹气于此受纳。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall with the stomach lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st21",
   "code": "ST21",
   "chinese": "梁门",
   "english": "Liangmen",
   "pinyin": "liáng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 4 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在上腹部，脐上 4 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"beam gate\" — classical naming on the upper abdomen uses gate and beam imagery for points over the stomach region. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「梁之门户」，古典以门户梁栋之象命名上腹胃部穴位。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall with the stomach and transverse colon lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st24",
   "code": "ST24",
   "chinese": "滑肉门",
   "english": "Huaroumen",
   "pinyin": "huá ròu mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 1 cun above the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在上腹部，脐上 1 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"slippery flesh gate\" — classical naming here describes the soft, mobile flesh of the upper abdomen. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「滑利肌肉之门户」，古典以此处上腹肌肉柔软滑动之象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdominal wall with the small intestine and transverse colon lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st26",
   "code": "ST26",
   "chinese": "外陵",
   "english": "Wailing",
   "pinyin": "wài líng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 1 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐下 1 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"outer mound\" — the point sits lateral to the central abdominal region, opposite the inner (Ren) points. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「外之陵」，位于腹中央（任脉）之外侧。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall with the ileum and bladder (when full) lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st27",
   "code": "ST27",
   "chinese": "大巨",
   "english": "Daju",
   "pinyin": "dà jù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 2 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐下 2 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"great large\" — classical naming on the lower abdomen uses size imagery for the broad pelvic region. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「大且巨」，古典以此处小腹广大之象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall with the bladder and pelvic vessels lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st28",
   "code": "ST28",
   "chinese": "水道",
   "english": "Shuidao",
   "pinyin": "shuǐ dào",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 3 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐下 3 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"water passage\" — classical naming in the lower abdomen uses water imagery for points over the pelvic region. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「水液之道」，古典以此处小腹近下焦水液之象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall with the bladder and uterine or adnexal structures (in women) lying deep; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st29",
   "code": "ST29",
   "chinese": "归来",
   "english": "Guilai",
   "pinyin": "guī lái",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 4 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline.",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐下 4 寸，距前正中线 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"return\" — classically read as the place where descending Qi is said to return to the lower abdomen. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「归来」，古典解为下陷之气的归返之处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall, near the inguinal canal and the femoral vessels laterally; depth is a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st30",
   "code": "ST30",
   "chinese": "气冲",
   "english": "Qichong",
   "pinyin": "qì chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "In the groin region, 5 cun below the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the midline, where the femoral pulse can be felt.",
   "location_zh": "在腹股沟区，脐下 5 寸，距前正中线 2 寸，动脉搏动处。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为胃经与冲脉交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"qi surge\" — the point is the last of the Stomach meridian on the trunk before it descends to the leg, classically associated with the surge of Qi to the lower body. Some lists record it as a meeting of the Stomach and Penetrating vessels. The name describes the location, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「气之冲要」，为胃经躯干段下行入腿前的最后一穴，古典与下焦气机冲要相关。部分文献以此处为胃经与冲脉之交会。穴名记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "In the groin over the femoral artery and vein and near the spermatic cord (or round ligament); needling here is strictly a practitioner judgement and not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st31",
   "code": "ST31",
   "chinese": "髀关",
   "english": "Biguan",
   "pinyin": "bì guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterior thigh, on the line between the anterior superior iliac spine and the lateral border of the patella, level with the gluteal fold.",
   "location_zh": "在股前区，髂前上棘与髌底外侧端的连线上，平臀横纹。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"thigh gate\" — the point marks where the Stomach meridian leaves the trunk and enters the thigh. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「大腿之关」，为胃经离躯干入大腿之处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the anterior thigh with the femoral nerve and vessels lying deep; depth and angle are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st33",
   "code": "ST33",
   "chinese": "阴市",
   "english": "Yinshi",
   "pinyin": "yīn shì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterior thigh, 3 cun above the superior border of the patella, on the line to the anterior superior iliac spine.",
   "location_zh": "在股前区，髌底上 3 寸，髂前上棘与髌底外侧端连线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"yin market\" — classical naming on the lower thigh uses market imagery alongside the yang points of the region. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「阴之市」，古典以此处近阴面、与同部阳穴对举之象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the anterior thigh with the femoral nerve and the descending genicular vessels lying deep; depth and angle are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st35",
   "code": "ST35",
   "chinese": "犊鼻",
   "english": "Dubi",
   "pinyin": "dú bí",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterior knee, in the depression just lateral to the patellar ligament, when the knee is flexed.",
   "location_zh": "在膝前区，髌韧带外侧凹陷处（屈膝取穴）。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"calf nose\" — the point's shape, beside the patellar ligament, resembles a calf's nose. Classical naming here describes the form rather than any use. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「犊之鼻」，穴在髌韧带旁，形似牛犊之鼻。穴名记形态，不含用途表述。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Beside the knee joint with the patellar tendon and the infrapatellar fat pad nearby; the joint space lies deep. Needling depth and direction are a practitioner judgement; not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st38",
   "code": "ST38",
   "chinese": "条口",
   "english": "Tiaokou",
   "pinyin": "tiáo kǒu",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral leg, 8 cun below the inferior border of the patella, on the line to the lateral malleolus.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧，犊鼻（ST35）下 8 寸，胫骨前缘外侧。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"thread mouth\" — classical naming on the lower leg often describes the narrow inter-muscular spaces. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「条隙之口」，古典以此处小腿肌隙如条状命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lateral shin with the anterior tibial artery and nerve lying deep; depth and angle are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st43",
   "code": "ST43",
   "chinese": "陷谷",
   "english": "Xiangu",
   "pinyin": "xiàn gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Yangming Stomach",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, in the depression between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones, proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joints.",
   "location_zh": "在足背，第 2、3 跖骨间，趾蹼缘后方凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream 输穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The third of the five transport points of the Stomach meridian — the point where the flow of Qi is described as flowing through a valley (the name means \"sunken valley\"). Classical texts place it among the points named after the landscape of the body. The name describes the location, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胃经五输穴之第三穴（输穴），经气至此如入溪谷，穴名意为「下陷之谷」。古典以此处体表溪谷之象命名。穴名记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "On the dorsum of the foot with the dorsal metatarsal arteries and the deep peroneal nerve nearby; a superficial point, depth and direction are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp1",
   "code": "SP1",
   "chinese": "隐白",
   "english": "Yinbai",
   "pinyin": "yǐn bái",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the great toe, at the medial side of the distal phalanx, 0.1 cun proximal to the medial corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "在足大趾末节内侧，趾甲根角侧后方 0.1 寸（指寸）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"hidden white\" — the point sits at the inner corner of the great toenail, where the pale nail root is partly concealed. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「隐伏之白」，位于足大趾趾甲根角内侧、白色甲根隐伏之处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "At the corner of the toenail, where the skin is thin over bone. Low risk in routine practice; because ingrown nails and local infection are common in this area, single-use sterile technique matters here."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp2",
   "code": "SP2",
   "chinese": "大都",
   "english": "Dadu",
   "pinyin": "dà dū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the great toe, in the depression distal and inferior to the first metatarsophalangeal joint, at the border of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "在足大趾内侧，第 1 跖趾关节远端前下方赤白肉际凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"great capital\" — classical naming uses city imagery for the broad, fleshy part at the base of the great toe. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「大都邑」，古典以都邑之象命名足大趾本节丰厚之处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Low risk in routine practice. The skin is thin over the joint and the joint capsule lies directly beneath, so the point should not be needled into the joint itself."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp7",
   "code": "SP7",
   "chinese": "漏谷",
   "english": "Lougu",
   "pinyin": "lòu gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the leg, 6 cun above the tip of the medial malleolus, on the posterior border of the medial surface of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿内侧，内踝尖上 6 寸，胫骨内侧缘后际。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"leaking valley\" — the point lies in the groove along the posterior border of the tibia, a narrow valley between the bone and the calf muscle. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「渗漏之谷」，位于小腿内侧胫骨后缘的沟状凹陷（谷）处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the medial leg behind the tibia. Low risk in routine practice; the posterior tibial vessels and the tibial nerve lie deeper, so depth and angle are a practitioner judgement."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp11",
   "code": "SP11",
   "chinese": "箕门",
   "english": "Jimen",
   "pinyin": "jī mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the thigh, on the line connecting SP12 (Chongmen) with the medial end of the base of the patella, at the junction of the upper one-third and lower two-thirds of this line, where the pulsation of the femoral artery can be felt.",
   "location_zh": "在股前内侧，髌底内侧端与冲门（SP12）连线上，该连线上 1/3 与下 2/3 的交点处，长收肌与缝匠肌交角的动脉搏动处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"winnowing-basket gate\" — classical naming compares the posture of sitting with the knees spread apart, like a winnowing basket, which is how this point on the inner thigh is located. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「箕（簸箕）之门」，古典取两腿张开如箕之坐姿以定此穴于大腿内侧。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "The point is defined by the palpable femoral pulse on the medial thigh, with the femoral vessels lying directly beneath. Needling depth and angle are a practitioner judgement, and it is not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp12",
   "code": "SP12",
   "chinese": "冲门",
   "english": "Chongmen",
   "pinyin": "chōng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "In the inguinal region, at the lateral end of the inguinal crease, lateral to the pulsation of the external iliac artery, level with the upper border of the pubic symphysis and 3.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在腹股沟区，腹股沟斜纹中，髂外动脉搏动处的外侧，平耻骨联合上缘，前正中线旁开 3.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"surge gate\" — the point marks where the Spleen meridian leaves the abdomen and enters the thigh, classically described as a gate of passage. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「冲要之门」，为脾经自腹入股的门户。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "In the groin beside the external iliac and femoral vessels and close to the inguinal canal. Any intervention here is strictly a practitioner judgement and it is not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp13",
   "code": "SP13",
   "chinese": "府舍",
   "english": "Fushe",
   "pinyin": "fǔ shè",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 4.3 cun below the centre of the umbilicus and 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline, about 0.7 cun above SP12 (Chongmen).",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐中下 4.3 寸，前正中线旁开 4 寸（约当冲门 SP12 直上 0.7 寸）。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"mansion lodging\" — classical naming uses building imagery for the lower abdomen, where the meridian is described as running inward. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「府第舍馆」，古典以房舍之象命名下腹部经气内行之处。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall near the inguinal region, with the bladder and, in women, pelvic structures lying deep. Depth is a practitioner judgement, and it is not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp14",
   "code": "SP14",
   "chinese": "腹结",
   "english": "Fujie",
   "pinyin": "fù jié",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 1.3 cun below the centre of the umbilicus and 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐中下 1.3 寸，前正中线旁开 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"abdominal knot\" — the point sits on the lower abdominal wall, 1.3 cun below SP15 (Daheng) on the same horizontal level. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「腹中之结」，位于腹部大横（SP15）下 1.3 寸的同一直线上。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall, with the ileum and sigmoid colon lying deep. Depth is a practitioner judgement, and it is not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp15",
   "code": "SP15",
   "chinese": "大横",
   "english": "Daheng",
   "pinyin": "dà héng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the middle abdomen, 4 cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "在腹中部，脐中旁开 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为足太阴与阴维脉之交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"great transverse\" — the point lies on the horizontal line through the umbilicus, and classical texts record it as a meeting of the Spleen meridian and the Yin Link vessel. This is a recorded attribution, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「大横」，位于脐旁横线上；古典文献以此处为足太阴与阴维脉之交会。此为命名与归属记载，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the middle abdominal wall, with the small intestine and transverse colon lying deep. Depth is a practitioner judgement, and it is not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp16",
   "code": "SP16",
   "chinese": "腹哀",
   "english": "Fuai",
   "pinyin": "fù āi",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 3 cun above the centre of the umbilicus and 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在上腹部，脐中上 3 寸，前正中线旁开 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point 交会穴（古典列为足太阴与阴维脉之交会）",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"abdominal sorrow\" — classical naming in the upper abdomen uses affective imagery for points over the stomach region, and some lists also record it as a meeting of the Spleen meridian and the Yin Link vessel. This is a naming and attribution convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「腹中之哀」，古典以此处上腹近胃之象命名；部分文献亦记为足太阴与阴维脉之交会。此为命名与归属记载，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall, with the stomach and transverse colon lying deep. Depth is a practitioner judgement, and it is not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp17",
   "code": "SP17",
   "chinese": "食窦",
   "english": "Shidou",
   "pinyin": "shí dòu",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the fifth intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，第 5 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 6 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"food burrow\" — the point sits on the chest wall at the level where classical texts describe nourishment as passing downward. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「食物之窦道」，位于胸壁，古典以此处近受纳下行之象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the chest over the 5th intercostal space with the lung border beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply here. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp18",
   "code": "SP18",
   "chinese": "天溪",
   "english": "Tianxi",
   "pinyin": "tiān xī",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the fourth intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，第 4 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 6 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"heavenly stream\" — classical naming on the lateral chest uses stream imagery for points running along the intercostal spaces. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「天之溪流」，古典以溪流之象命名沿肋间隙排列的胸部穴位。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the chest in the 4th intercostal space with the lung beneath and breast tissue laterally; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp19",
   "code": "SP19",
   "chinese": "胸乡",
   "english": "Xiongxiang",
   "pinyin": "xiōng xiāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the third intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，第 3 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 6 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"chest village\" — classical naming treats the chest as a region with its own settlements, and this point is one of them. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「胸之乡邑」，古典以乡邑之象命名胸部诸穴。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the chest in the 3rd intercostal space with the lung beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp20",
   "code": "SP20",
   "chinese": "周荣",
   "english": "Zhourong",
   "pinyin": "zhōu róng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the second intercostal space, 6 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在胸部，第 2 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 6 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"all-around flourishing\" — classical naming here describes the upper chest, where the meridian is said to spread outward. This is a naming convention, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「周遍荣润」，古典以此处上胸经气布散之象命名。此处为命名描述，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the upper chest in the 2nd intercostal space with the lung beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of needling too deeply. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp21",
   "code": "SP21",
   "chinese": "大包",
   "english": "Dabao",
   "pinyin": "dà bāo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyin Spleen",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "In the lateral region of the chest, in the sixth intercostal space, on the midaxillary line.",
   "location_zh": "在胸外侧区，第 6 肋间隙，腋中线上。",
   "special_category": "Great Luo-connecting of the Spleen 脾之大络",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"great wrapping\" — classical texts record this point as the great luo-connecting vessel of the Spleen, described as spreading across the chest and the side of the trunk. This is a recorded attribution, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为「总揽包裹」，古典文献记此为脾之大络，称其布散于胸胁。此为文献归属记载，不涉及疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the lateral chest in the 6th intercostal space with the lung beneath; pneumothorax is the recognised risk of deep needling. Not suitable for self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl11",
   "code": "BL11",
   "chinese": "大杼",
   "english": "Dazhu",
   "pinyin": "dà zhù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第1胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Hui-meeting of bone 八会穴之骨会",
   "classical_note_en": "The first Bladder point on the back, and the bone point among the eight meeting points. Classical texts place it at the top of the back, near the neck.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经在背部的第一个腧穴，并为八会穴之\"骨会\"。传统文献将其列于背部上端、项部相近之处。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies beneath the upper back. Classical texts advise shallow oblique needling toward the spine rather than deep perpendicular insertion; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl12",
   "code": "BL12",
   "chinese": "风门",
   "english": "Fengmen",
   "pinyin": "fēng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第2胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Its name means \"wind gate\"; classical texts name it among the points where exterior wind is said to enter.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"风门\"，传统文献把它列在外邪由表而入的门户类腧穴之中。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies beneath the upper back. Classical texts advise shallow oblique needling; deep perpendicular insertion risks the pleura."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl14",
   "code": "BL14",
   "chinese": "厥阴俞",
   "english": "Jueyinshu",
   "pinyin": "jué yīn shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第4胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Pericardium 心包之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the Back-shu points, named after the Jueyin (Pericardium) system rather than after an organ of the same name.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞穴之一，以\"厥阴\"（心包）命名，而非以同名脏腑命名。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies beneath the upper back. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl16",
   "code": "BL16",
   "chinese": "督俞",
   "english": "Dushu",
   "pinyin": "dū shù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第6胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the Back-shu points; its name refers to the Du (Governing) vessel rather than to a zang organ.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞穴之一，穴名取自\"督\"（督脉）而非某一脏腑。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies beneath the upper back. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; deep insertion risks the pleura."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl19",
   "code": "BL19",
   "chinese": "胆俞",
   "english": "Danshu",
   "pinyin": "dǎn shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第10胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Gallbladder 胆之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the Back-shu points, named after the Gallbladder system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞穴之一，以\"胆\"命名。",
   "safety_note": "The lung and pleura lie beneath this region of the back. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl22",
   "code": "BL22",
   "chinese": "三焦俞",
   "english": "Sanjiaoshu",
   "pinyin": "sān jiāo shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lower back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "腰区，第1腰椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the San Jiao 三焦之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the Back-shu points, named after the San Jiao (triple burner) system.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞穴之一，以\"三焦\"命名。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath the lower back. Needling is oblique and deep perpendicular insertion is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl24",
   "code": "BL24",
   "chinese": "气海俞",
   "english": "Qihaishu",
   "pinyin": "qì hǎi shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lower back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "腰区，第3腰椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named after the \"sea of Qi\" below the navel; classical texts record it among the lower-back points of the Bladder meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取自脐下\"气海\"，传统文献将其列在膀胱经腰部诸穴之中。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath the lower back. Needling is oblique and deep perpendicular insertion is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl41",
   "code": "BL41",
   "chinese": "附分",
   "english": "Fufen",
   "pinyin": "fù fēn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第2胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the second lateral line of the Bladder meridian, which runs parallel to and outside the Back-shu line.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经第二侧线的第一个腧穴；该侧线与背俞穴所在的第一侧线平行而位于其外侧。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies immediately beneath. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; deep perpendicular needling here carries a pneumothorax risk."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl42",
   "code": "BL42",
   "chinese": "魄户",
   "english": "Pohu",
   "pinyin": "pò hù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第3胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL13. Classical naming pairs it with the Lung-related level of the back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL13 同高。传统命名把它与背部肺系所属那一层相配。",
   "safety_note": "The lung lies immediately beneath. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; deep perpendicular needling carries a pneumothorax risk."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl44",
   "code": "BL44",
   "chinese": "神堂",
   "english": "Shentang",
   "pinyin": "shén táng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第5胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL15; the name refers to the \"hall of the spirit\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL15 同高；穴名取\"神之堂\"之意。",
   "safety_note": "The lung and pleura lie beneath this region. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl45",
   "code": "BL45",
   "chinese": "譩譆",
   "english": "Yixi",
   "pinyin": "yì xǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第6胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the few Bladder points whose name is said to come from the sound a patient makes when the point is pressed, rather than from an anatomical or visceral reference.",
   "classical_note_zh": "少数以按压时病人所发之声取名的腧穴之一，穴名并非来自解剖或脏腑指称。",
   "safety_note": "The lung and pleura lie beneath this region. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl46",
   "code": "BL46",
   "chinese": "膈关",
   "english": "Geguan",
   "pinyin": "gé guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第7胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL17; the name refers to the diaphragm.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL17 同高；穴名指膈。",
   "safety_note": "The lung and pleura lie beneath this region. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl47",
   "code": "BL47",
   "chinese": "魂门",
   "english": "Hunmen",
   "pinyin": "hún mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第9胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL18; the name refers to the \"gate of the hun\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL18 同高；穴名取\"魂之门户\"之意。",
   "safety_note": "The pleura lies beneath this region of the back. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl48",
   "code": "BL48",
   "chinese": "阳纲",
   "english": "Yanggang",
   "pinyin": "yáng gāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第10胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL19; the name pairs yang with the Gallbladder level of the back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL19 同高；穴名以\"阳\"与背部胆系所属那一层相配。",
   "safety_note": "The pleura lies beneath this region of the back. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl49",
   "code": "BL49",
   "chinese": "意舍",
   "english": "Yishe",
   "pinyin": "yì shě",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第11胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL20; the name refers to the \"dwelling of thought\".",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL20 同高；穴名取\"意之居所\"之意。",
   "safety_note": "The pleura and, lower down, the kidney lie beneath this region. Classical texts advise oblique needling with limited depth; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl50",
   "code": "BL50",
   "chinese": "胃仓",
   "english": "Weicang",
   "pinyin": "wèi cāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第12胸椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL21; the name refers to the \"granary\" of the Stomach.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL21 同高；穴名取胃之\"仓廪\"之意。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath this level of the back. Needling is oblique and deep perpendicular insertion is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl51",
   "code": "BL51",
   "chinese": "肓门",
   "english": "Huangmen",
   "pinyin": "huāng mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lower back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "腰区，第1腰椎棘突下，后正中线旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line at the same level as BL22; the name refers to the membrane region between the abdomen and the back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线，与 BL22 同高；穴名指腹背之间的膏肓之处。",
   "safety_note": "The kidney lies beneath the lower back. Needling is oblique and deep perpendicular insertion is avoided."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl53",
   "code": "BL53",
   "chinese": "胞肓",
   "english": "Baohuang",
   "pinyin": "bāo huāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the sacral region, 3 cun lateral to the posterior midline, at the level of the second sacral foramen.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，平第2骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开3寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "On the second lateral line where it crosses the sacrum; the name refers to the bladder region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于第二侧线经过骶骨处；穴名指膀胱所在的胞肓之处。",
   "safety_note": "Deep insertion in the sacral region can reach beyond the sacrum toward the pelvic cavity. Classical texts limit depth here; this is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl1",
   "code": "BL1",
   "chinese": "睛明",
   "english": "Jingming",
   "pinyin": "jīng míng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the face, in the depression slightly above the inner corner of the eye.",
   "location_zh": "面部，目内眦角稍上方凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting point of several meridians 交会穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Bladder meridian, at the inner corner of the eye, where several channels are classically said to meet.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经首个腧穴，位于目内眦，传统认为是多条经脉交会之处。",
   "safety_note": "Immediately beside the eyeball. Classical texts warn against deep needling and against heavy manipulation here. Bruising is well recognised. Practitioner skill, never a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl2",
   "code": "BL2",
   "chinese": "攒竹",
   "english": "Cuanzhu",
   "pinyin": "cuán zhú",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the face, in the depression at the medial end of the eyebrow, at the supraorbital notch.",
   "location_zh": "面部，眉头凹陷中，眶上切迹处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point for the forehead and the eye region; named for the gathered shape of the eyebrow.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统文献中与前额及目部相关，以眉头聚拢之态得名。",
   "safety_note": "The supraorbital nerve and vessels sit at this notch. Shallow needling only. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl3",
   "code": "BL3",
   "chinese": "眉冲",
   "english": "Meichong",
   "pinyin": "méi chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, directly above BL2, 0.5 cun within the anterior hairline, between Shenting (GV24) and Quchai (BL4).",
   "location_zh": "头部，攒竹直上入前发际 0.5 寸，神庭与曲差之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first Bladder point on the head; classical texts place it where the channel enters the hairline.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经在头部的起始穴，传统文献将其置于经脉入发际之处。",
   "safety_note": "Scalp needling here is subcutaneous and shallow. Routine risk is low, but it is still a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl4",
   "code": "BL4",
   "chinese": "曲差",
   "english": "Quchai",
   "pinyin": "qū chāi",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to it, at the junction of the medial and middle thirds of the line joining Shenting (GV24) and Touwei (ST8).",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际正中直上 0.5 寸，旁开 1.5 寸，即神庭与头维连线的内 1/3 与中 1/3 交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the head points on the Bladder line; classical descriptions place it at the turn where the channel bends toward the vertex.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经头部腧穴之一，传统描述将其置于经脉转向巅顶的曲折之处。",
   "safety_note": "Subcutaneous scalp needling only; the superficial vessel should be avoided. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl5",
   "code": "BL5",
   "chinese": "五处",
   "english": "Wuchu",
   "pinyin": "wǔ chù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 1 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to it.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际正中直上 1 寸，旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named for its place among the head points of this line; classical texts associate the head line with the sense organs.",
   "classical_note_zh": "因列于头部诸穴之中而得名，传统文献将头部这一线与官窍相联系。",
   "safety_note": "Subcutaneous scalp needling only. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl6",
   "code": "BL6",
   "chinese": "承光",
   "english": "Chengguang",
   "pinyin": "chéng guāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 2.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to it.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际正中直上 2.5 寸，旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"receiving light\". The head points of this line are grouped in classical texts with the head and the eyes.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为承接光明。传统文献将头部这一线的腧穴与头、目归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "Subcutaneous scalp needling only. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl7",
   "code": "BL7",
   "chinese": "通天",
   "english": "Tongtian",
   "pinyin": "tōng tiān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 4 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to it.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际正中直上 4 寸，旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"reaching heaven\". Classical texts place it on the part of the Bladder head line that runs toward the vertex.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取通达上天之意。传统文献将其置于膀胱经头部循行近巅的一段。",
   "safety_note": "Subcutaneous scalp needling only. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl8",
   "code": "BL8",
   "chinese": "络却",
   "english": "Luoque",
   "pinyin": "luò què",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 5.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline and 1.5 cun lateral to it.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际正中直上 5.5 寸，旁开 1.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point on the anterior part of the Bladder head line; classical texts describe it where the channel turns back toward the occiput.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经头部前段的最后一穴，传统文献描述其在经脉折向枕部之处。",
   "safety_note": "Subcutaneous scalp needling only. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl9",
   "code": "BL9",
   "chinese": "玉枕",
   "english": "Yuzhen",
   "pinyin": "yù zhěn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 2.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the posterior hairline and 1.3 cun lateral to it, in the depression level with the upper border of the external occipital protuberance.",
   "location_zh": "后头部，后发际正中直上 2.5 寸，旁开 1.3 寸，平枕外隆凸上缘的凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"jade pillow\" for the part of the occiput it rests on; classical texts group it with the head and the nape.",
   "classical_note_zh": "因所枕之处而得名，传统文献将其与头项归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The occipital artery and the greater occipital nerve lie nearby. Shallow needling. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl36",
   "code": "BL36",
   "chinese": "承扶",
   "english": "Chengfu",
   "pinyin": "chéng fú",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the thigh, at the midpoint of the gluteal fold.",
   "location_zh": "大腿后面，臀下横纹的中点。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first Bladder point on the back of the thigh; classical texts group it with the hip and the back of the leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经在大腿后部的首个腧穴，传统文献将其与髋部及腿后侧归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The sciatic nerve passes close to this point. A sudden electric sensation travelling down the leg is a signal to stop, not to go deeper. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl37",
   "code": "BL37",
   "chinese": "殷门",
   "english": "Yinmen",
   "pinyin": "yīn mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the thigh, on the line joining Chengfu (BL36) and Weizhong (BL40), 6 cun below BL36.",
   "location_zh": "大腿后面，承扶与委中连线上，承扶下 6 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point on the midline of the posterior thigh; classical texts group it with the lower back and the leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于大腿后侧正中线上，传统文献将其与腰及腿部归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The sciatic nerve runs through this region. Depth is a practitioner decision, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl38",
   "code": "BL38",
   "chinese": "浮郄",
   "english": "Fuxi",
   "pinyin": "fú xì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "At the lateral end of the popliteal crease, 1 cun above Weiyang (BL39), on the medial border of the tendon of the biceps femoris.",
   "location_zh": "腘横纹外侧端，委阳上 1 寸，股二头肌腱的内侧。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point just above the outer end of the knee crease; classical texts group it with the knee and the lower leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于膝腘外侧端稍上，传统文献将其与膝及小腿归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The common peroneal nerve lies near the lateral popliteal region. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl39",
   "code": "BL39",
   "chinese": "委阳",
   "english": "Weiyang",
   "pinyin": "wěi yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "At the lateral end of the popliteal crease, on the medial border of the tendon of the biceps femoris.",
   "location_zh": "腘横纹外侧端，股二头肌腱的内侧。",
   "special_category": "Lower he-sea of the Triple Burner 三焦下合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The lower he-sea point of the Triple Burner, recorded in the classical corpus as the place where that system is reflected on the leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "三焦下合穴，传统文献认为三焦之气在腿部反映于此。",
   "safety_note": "The popliteal vessels and the peroneal nerve lie close by. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl55",
   "code": "BL55",
   "chinese": "合阳",
   "english": "Heyang",
   "pinyin": "hé yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the lower leg, on the line joining Weizhong (BL40) and Chengshan (BL57), 2 cun below BL40.",
   "location_zh": "小腿后面，委中与承山连线上，委中下 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point on the midline of the calf; classical texts group it with the lower back and the calf itself.",
   "classical_note_zh": "位于小腿后侧正中线上，传统文献将其与腰及小腿肚归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The tibial nerve and the small saphenous vein run through this region. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl56",
   "code": "BL56",
   "chinese": "承筋",
   "english": "Chengjin",
   "pinyin": "chéng jīn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the lower leg, on the line joining Weizhong (BL40) and Chengshan (BL57), 5 cun below BL40, in the centre of the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.",
   "location_zh": "小腿后面，委中与承山连线上，委中下 5 寸，腓肠肌肌腹中央。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named for the muscle belly it sits in; classical texts group it with the calf and with cramping of the leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "因位于腓肠肌肌腹之中而得名，传统文献将其与小腿肚及腿部拘急归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "Deep needling can reach the tibial nerve. Cramping that follows needling should end the session rather than be worked through. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl58",
   "code": "BL58",
   "chinese": "飞扬",
   "english": "Feiyang",
   "pinyin": "fēi yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the lower leg, 7 cun directly above Kunlun (BL60), 1 cun below and lateral to Chengshan (BL57).",
   "location_zh": "小腿后面，外踝后昆仑直上 7 寸，承山外下方 1 寸处。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting point 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The luo-connecting point of the Bladder meridian, where the channel is classically said to branch toward the Kidney meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经络穴，传统认为经气由此分出以联络肾经。",
   "safety_note": "The small saphenous vein and the sural nerve pass nearby. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl59",
   "code": "BL59",
   "chinese": "跗阳",
   "english": "Fuyang",
   "pinyin": "fū yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the back of the lower leg, 3 cun directly above Kunlun (BL60).",
   "location_zh": "小腿后面，外踝后，昆仑直上 3 寸。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft of the Yang Heel vessel 阳跷郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The cleft point of the Yang Heel vessel, one of the points classically grouped with the ankle and the outer leg.",
   "classical_note_zh": "阳跷脉郄穴，传统上归入踝部与小腿外侧一组。",
   "safety_note": "The sural nerve lies close to this point. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl61",
   "code": "BL61",
   "chinese": "仆参",
   "english": "Pucan",
   "pinyin": "pú cān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the foot, posterior and inferior to the outer ankle, directly below Kunlun (BL60), on the lateral side of the calcaneus at the junction of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "足外侧部，外踝后下方，昆仑直下，跟骨外侧，赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point at the outer edge of the heel; classical texts group it with the heel and the ankle.",
   "classical_note_zh": "足跟外侧之穴，传统文献将其与足跟及踝部归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "The sural nerve and the small saphenous vein cross the lateral heel here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl63",
   "code": "BL63",
   "chinese": "金门",
   "english": "Jinmen",
   "pinyin": "jīn mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the foot, directly below the anterior border of the outer ankle, on the lower border of the cuboid bone.",
   "location_zh": "足外侧，外踝前缘直下，骰骨下缘处。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft point 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The cleft point of the Bladder meridian. Cleft points are classically grouped with acute presentations arising on their own channel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经郄穴。传统上郄穴与本经出现的急骤表现归为一组。",
   "safety_note": "Needling on the outer border of the foot is shallow by nature. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl64",
   "code": "BL64",
   "chinese": "京骨",
   "english": "Jinggu",
   "pinyin": "jīng gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the foot, below the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone, at the junction of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "足外侧，第 5 跖骨粗隆下方，赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Yuan-source point 原穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The source point of the Bladder meridian, named for the bone it sits behind.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经原穴，以所居之骨得名。",
   "safety_note": "Shallow needling over bone. The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve lies nearby. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl65",
   "code": "BL65",
   "chinese": "束骨",
   "english": "Shugu",
   "pinyin": "shù gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the foot, posterior to the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, at the junction of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "足外侧，第 5 跖趾关节后方，赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Shu-stream point 输穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The stream point of the Bladder meridian, one of the five transport points below the knee.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经输穴，为膝以下五输穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "Shallow needling beside a small joint. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl66",
   "code": "BL66",
   "chinese": "足通谷",
   "english": "Zutonggu",
   "pinyin": "zú tōng gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the foot, anterior to the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, at the junction of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "足外侧，第 5 跖趾关节前方，赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring point 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The spring point of the Bladder meridian. Its full name carries the word \"foot\" to distinguish it from the chest point of the same name.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经荥穴。穴名冠以“足”字，以区别于同名的胸部腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "Shallow needling beside a small joint. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl67",
   "code": "BL67",
   "chinese": "至阴",
   "english": "Zhiyin",
   "pinyin": "zhì yīn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the distal segment of the little toe, 0.1 cun from the corner of the toenail.",
   "location_zh": "足小趾末节外侧，距趾甲角 0.1 寸。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well point 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The well point of the Bladder meridian and the last point on the channel. Moxibustion here is the classical technique most often cited in relation to fetal position; whether it changes outcomes is not settled.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经井穴，亦为本经最后一穴。艾灸此穴是与胎位相关最常被提及的传统技术，其是否改变结局尚无定论。",
   "safety_note": "Widely cited traditional caution about this point during pregnancy. Moxibustion here is a practitioner technique with an unresolved evidence debate behind it, not a home remedy; skin on the toe heals slowly if burned."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl25",
   "code": "BL25",
   "chinese": "大肠俞",
   "english": "Dachangshu",
   "pinyin": "dà cháng shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the lumbar region, below the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第4腰椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Large Intestine 大肠之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back-shu point classically associated with the large intestine in the back-shu scheme. Classical texts group it with the lower back and the abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞体系中的大肠之背俞穴。传统文献将其归入腰与腹部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lumbar paravertebral muscles at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. Classical texts describe the back-shu points as needled obliquely and shallowly rather than straight in. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl26",
   "code": "BL26",
   "chinese": "关元俞",
   "english": "Guanyuanshu",
   "pinyin": "guān yuán shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the lumbar region, below the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "脊柱区，第5腰椎棘突下，后正中线旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named for its level alongside the lower abdomen; classical texts group it with the lumbosacral region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "因与下腹部同水平而得名，传统文献将其归入腰骶部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Sits at the lumbosacral junction, where the iliac crest and the sacrum meet. Shallow oblique needling is the classical description here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl27",
   "code": "BL27",
   "chinese": "小肠俞",
   "english": "Xiaochangshu",
   "pinyin": "xiǎo cháng shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, level with the first posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，横平第1骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Small Intestine 小肠之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back-shu point classically associated with the small intestine. Classical texts group it with the lower abdomen and the sacrum.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞体系中的小肠之背俞穴。传统文献将其归入下腹与骶部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Directly over the sacrum, beside the posterior sacral foramina. The sacral nerves emerge through those foramina. Shallow needling. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl28",
   "code": "BL28",
   "chinese": "膀胱俞",
   "english": "Pangguangshu",
   "pinyin": "páng guāng shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, level with the second posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，横平第2骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Back-shu of the Bladder 膀胱之背俞穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The back-shu point classically associated with the bladder. Classical texts group it with the lower abdomen and the sacrum.",
   "classical_note_zh": "背俞体系中的膀胱之背俞穴。传统文献将其归入下腹与骶部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sacrum at the level of the second posterior sacral foramen, close to where the sacral nerves pass. Shallow needling. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl29",
   "code": "BL29",
   "chinese": "中膂俞",
   "english": "Zhonglushu",
   "pinyin": "zhōng lǚ shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, level with the third posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，横平第3骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Shu of the middle spine\"; classical texts group it with the sacrum and the buttock.",
   "classical_note_zh": "意为脊中之处，传统文献将其归入骶部与臀部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sacrum beside the third posterior sacral foramen. Shallow needling; the sacral nerves lie close by. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl30",
   "code": "BL30",
   "chinese": "白环俞",
   "english": "Baihuanshu",
   "pinyin": "bái huán shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, level with the fourth posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the median sacral crest.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，横平第4骶后孔，骶正中嵴旁开1.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last of the inner Bladder line on the sacrum; classical texts group it with the buttock and the hip.",
   "classical_note_zh": "膀胱经内侧线在骶部的最后一穴，传统文献将其归入臀部与髋部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower sacrum, close to the coccyx and to the sacral nerve roots that exit here. Shallow needling. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl31",
   "code": "BL31",
   "chinese": "上髎",
   "english": "Shangliao",
   "pinyin": "shàng liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, in the first posterior sacral foramen.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，正对第1骶后孔中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The first of the four pairs of sacral foramen points, collectively known as the eight liao points. Classical texts group them with the pelvis and the lower back.",
   "classical_note_zh": "骶后孔八穴（八髎）的第一对。传统文献将其归入骨盆与腰骶一类。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits inside a bony foramen and the sacral nerve root passes through it. Finding the foramen is practitioner skill; a sharp shooting sensation means the needle is on the nerve. Not a self-care technique. Classical texts extend the caution about the lumbosacral region during pregnancy to these points."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl32",
   "code": "BL32",
   "chinese": "次髎",
   "english": "Ciliao",
   "pinyin": "cì liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, in the second posterior sacral foramen.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，正对第2骶后孔中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The second of the eight liao points, and the one most often named in classical and modern writing on the sacral foramen group.",
   "classical_note_zh": "八髎中的第二对，也是骶后孔诸穴在文献与现代著述中被提及最多者。",
   "safety_note": "Inside the second posterior sacral foramen with the sacral nerve root running through it. Locating the foramen is practitioner skill. Classical texts extend the caution about the lumbosacral region during pregnancy to these points. Not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl33",
   "code": "BL33",
   "chinese": "中髎",
   "english": "Zhongliao",
   "pinyin": "zhōng liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, in the third posterior sacral foramen.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，正对第3骶后孔中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The third of the eight liao points; classical texts group the group with the pelvis.",
   "classical_note_zh": "八髎中的第三对，传统文献将其归入骨盆一类。",
   "safety_note": "Inside the third posterior sacral foramen, with the sacral nerve root running through it. Practitioner skill. Classical texts extend the caution about the lumbosacral region during pregnancy to these points."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl34",
   "code": "BL34",
   "chinese": "下髎",
   "english": "Xialiao",
   "pinyin": "xià liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, in the fourth posterior sacral foramen.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，正对第4骶后孔中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The fourth and lowest of the eight liao points; classical texts group it with the pelvis and the perineum.",
   "classical_note_zh": "八髎中的第四对，也是最低一对，传统文献将其归入骨盆与会阴一类。",
   "safety_note": "Inside the lowest posterior sacral foramen, near the coccygeal nerves. Practitioner skill. Classical texts extend the caution about the lumbosacral region during pregnancy to these points."
  },
  {
   "slug": "bl35",
   "code": "BL35",
   "chinese": "会阳",
   "english": "Huiyang",
   "pinyin": "huì yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Taiyang Bladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阳膀胱经",
   "location_en": "In the sacral region, 0.5 cun lateral to the tip of the coccyx.",
   "location_zh": "骶区，尾骨端旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"meeting of yang\"; classical texts group it with the perineum and the lower orifices. It is the last point of the inner Bladder line.",
   "classical_note_zh": "意为阳气相会之处，传统文献将其归入会阴与下窍一类，是膀胱经内侧线的末穴。",
   "safety_note": "Beside the tip of the coccyx, over the coccygeal plexus; the area is sensitive and the skin here heals slowly. Shallow needling only. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki4",
   "code": "KI4",
   "chinese": "大钟",
   "english": "Dazhong",
   "pinyin": "dà zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the foot, posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus, in the depression on the upper border of the calcaneus, anterior to the attachment of the calcaneal tendon.",
   "location_zh": "足内侧，内踝后下方，跟骨上缘，跟腱附着部前缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting point of the Kidney 肾之络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The luo-connecting point of the Kidney meridian. The Ling Shu describes the luo vessel leaving here, passing the heel and running up to the lower back; its disorders are named as difficult urination when in excess and lumbar pain when deficient.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肾经络穴。《灵枢·经脉》记载其别脉出于此，循内踝之后、别入跟中，以上走于内、贯腰脊；其病气逆则烦闷，实则闭癃，虚则腰痛。",
   "safety_note": "The medial calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve and the medial plantar vessels lie close by. Routine needling here is described as shallow. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki8",
   "code": "KI8",
   "chinese": "交信",
   "english": "Jiaoxin",
   "pinyin": "jiāo xìn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the leg, 2 cun superior to KI3 and 0.5 cun anterior to KI7, on the posterior border of the medial surface of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "小腿内侧，太溪上2寸，复溜前0.5寸，胫骨内侧面的后缘。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft of the Yin Heel vessel 阴蹻脉郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Yin Heel vessel, named \"exchange of trust.\" Classical texts group it with the medial leg and the lower abdomen; it is the point paired with KI7 in the classical presentation of the Yin Heel vessel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "阴蹻脉之郄穴，名取\"信之交会\"。传统文献将其归入小腿内侧与下腹一类，并与复溜并列以论阴蹻之脉。",
   "safety_note": "Runs along the medial border of the tibia beside the saphenous vein and nerve. Classical texts describe the abdominal and lumbosacral points as needing caution during pregnancy; the same caution is extended to this point. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki9",
   "code": "KI9",
   "chinese": "筑宾",
   "english": "Zhubin",
   "pinyin": "zhù bīn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the leg, on the line connecting KI3 and KI10, 5 cun superior to KI3, at the inferomedial border of the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle.",
   "location_zh": "小腿内侧，太溪与阴谷连线上，太溪上5寸，腓肠肌肌腹的内下方。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft of the Yin Link vessel 阴维脉郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The xi-cleft point of the Yin Link vessel. Classical texts group it with the medial calf and with the lower abdomen; it is the point where the Yin Link vessel is said to gather.",
   "classical_note_zh": "阴维脉之郄穴。传统文献将其归入小腿内侧与下腹一类，认为阴维之气聚于此。",
   "safety_note": "In the calf, over the soleus and close to the tibial nerve that runs deep in this compartment. Classical texts extend the pregnancy caution for the abdominal and lumbosacral region to this point. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki10",
   "code": "KI10",
   "chinese": "阴谷",
   "english": "Yingu",
   "pinyin": "yīn gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial side of the popliteal fossa, between the tendons of the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus muscles, when the knee is flexed.",
   "location_zh": "腘窝内侧，屈膝时半腱肌肌腱与半膜肌肌腱之间。",
   "special_category": "He-sea point of the Kidney 肾之合穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The he-sea point, the last of the five transport points on the leg portion of the meridian, where the meridian is described as entering more deeply. Classical texts group it with the knee and the lower abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "五输穴之合穴，为小腿段五输之末，经气自此深入。传统文献将其归入膝与下腹一类。",
   "safety_note": "Inside the popliteal fossa, where the popliteal artery, vein and tibial nerve run deeper than the point. Classical texts describe finding the tendons with the knee flexed and needling under practitioner control. Not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki11",
   "code": "KI11",
   "chinese": "横骨",
   "english": "Henggu",
   "pinyin": "héng gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, at the upper border of the pubic symphysis, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，耻骨联合上缘，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The lowest of the eleven abdominal points of the Kidney meridian, named for the pubic bone it lies beside. Classical texts group it with the lower abdomen and the genital region; from here upward, the abdominal points are confluences of the Penetrating vessel and the Kidney.",
   "classical_note_zh": "腹部肾经十一穴之最下者，因傍横骨（耻骨）而得名。传统文献将其归入下腹与前阴一类；自本穴以上，腹部诸穴皆为冲脉与足少阴之会。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall close to the pubic bone. Classical texts warn against deep needling of the abdomen and name a full bladder as a reason to wait. Abdominal and lumbosacral points carry the classical pregnancy caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki12",
   "code": "KI12",
   "chinese": "大赫",
   "english": "Dahe",
   "pinyin": "dà hè",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 4 cun below the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，脐下4寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"great brightness\"; the second of the abdominal points of the Kidney meridian. Classical texts group it with the lower abdomen and the genital region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"赫然盛大\"，为腹部肾经第二穴。传统文献将其归入下腹与前阴一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdominal wall; classical texts warn about depth and name a full bladder as a reason to wait. Abdominal points carry the classical pregnancy caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki13",
   "code": "KI13",
   "chinese": "气穴",
   "english": "Qixue",
   "pinyin": "qì xué",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 3 cun below the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，脐下3寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"qi cave\"; classical texts group it with the lower abdomen. It lies level with the point of the Conception vessel three cun below the navel, and the two are often discussed together.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"气之穴\"，传统文献将其归入下腹一类。与任脉脐下3寸之穴同水平，二者常并论。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdominal wall. Classical texts warn about depth and name a full bladder as a reason to wait. Abdominal points carry the classical pregnancy caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki14",
   "code": "KI14",
   "chinese": "四满",
   "english": "Siman",
   "pinyin": "sì mǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 2 cun below the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，脐下2寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"four fullnesses\"; classical texts group it with the lower abdomen and with the Penetrating vessel, which the abdominal Kidney points are said to meet.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"四方充盛\"，传统文献将其归入下腹一类，并与腹部肾经诸穴所会之冲脉并论。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdominal wall. Classical texts warn about depth and name a full bladder as a reason to wait. Abdominal points carry the classical pregnancy caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki15",
   "code": "KI15",
   "chinese": "中注",
   "english": "Zhongzhu (Abdomen)",
   "pinyin": "zhōng zhù",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 1 cun below the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，脐下1寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"middle infusion\"; the last of the abdominal points below the navel. Classical texts group it with the lower abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"注于中部\"，为脐下腹部诸穴之末。传统文献将其归入下腹一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdominal wall beside the navel. Classical texts warn about depth and name a full bladder as a reason to wait. Abdominal points carry the classical pregnancy caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki16",
   "code": "KI16",
   "chinese": "肓俞",
   "english": "Huangshu",
   "pinyin": "huāng shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "In the middle of the abdomen, 0.5 cun lateral to the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "腹中部，脐旁0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The point level with the navel, and a reference landmark for the whole abdominal line of the meridian. Classical texts group it with the abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "与脐平，为腹部肾经诸穴的定位参照。传统文献将其归入腹部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Beside the umbilicus, over the abdominal wall. Classical texts warn about depth and name a full bladder as a reason to wait. Abdominal points carry the classical pregnancy caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki17",
   "code": "KI17",
   "chinese": "商曲",
   "english": "Shangqu",
   "pinyin": "shāng qū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 2 cun above the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐上2寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The first of the abdominal points above the navel; classical texts group it with the upper abdomen and the stomach region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "脐上腹部诸穴之首，传统文献将其归入上腹与胃脘一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall. Classical texts warn against deep needling here because the abdominal cavity lies beneath. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki18",
   "code": "KI18",
   "chinese": "石关",
   "english": "Shiguan",
   "pinyin": "shí guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 3 cun above the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐上3寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"stone gate\"; classical texts group it with the upper abdomen and with the passage of food downward.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"石之关\"，传统文献将其归入上腹与下行通降一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall. Classical texts warn against deep needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki19",
   "code": "KI19",
   "chinese": "阴都",
   "english": "Yindu",
   "pinyin": "yīn dū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 4 cun above the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐上4寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"yin capital\"; classical texts group it with the upper abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"阴之都会\"，传统文献将其归入上腹一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdominal wall below the rib margin. Classical texts warn against deep needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki20",
   "code": "KI20",
   "chinese": "腹通谷",
   "english": "Futonggu",
   "pinyin": "fù tōng gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 5 cun above the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐上5寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"abdominal passing valley\" to distinguish it from the point of the same name on the foot. Classical texts group it with the upper abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "因其位于腹部，与足部同名穴相别，故称腹通谷。传统文献将其归入上腹一类。",
   "safety_note": "High on the abdominal wall, under the rib margin. Classical texts warn against deep needling here and describe oblique needling. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki21",
   "code": "KI21",
   "chinese": "幽门",
   "english": "Youmen",
   "pinyin": "yōu mén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, 6 cun above the centre of the umbilicus, 0.5 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐上6寸，前正中线旁开0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Confluence of the Chong Mai and the Kidney 冲脉足少阴之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"gate of darkness\"; the highest of the eleven abdominal points, and the last where the Kidney and the Penetrating vessel are said to meet before the meridian turns up onto the chest.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"幽深之门\"。为腹部肾经十一穴之最高者，也是冲脉与足少阴在腹部相会的最后一穴，其上即转入胸部。",
   "safety_note": "At the top of the abdominal wall, tucked under the costal margin. Classical texts warn against deep needling here and describe shallow oblique needling. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki22",
   "code": "KI22",
   "chinese": "步廊",
   "english": "Bulang",
   "pinyin": "bù láng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the fifth intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第5肋间隙，前正中线旁开2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"walking corridor\"; the lowest of the six chest points, where the meridian leaves the abdomen and runs up the chest beside the sternum.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"步廊\"，为胸部六穴之最下者，经脉自腹部上胸，循胸骨旁上行。",
   "safety_note": "In an intercostal space over the chest wall, with the lung beneath and the intercostal vessels and nerve along the rib above. Classical texts describe oblique or transverse needling here and warn about depth. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki23",
   "code": "KI23",
   "chinese": "神封",
   "english": "Shenfeng",
   "pinyin": "shén fēng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the fourth intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第4肋间隙，前正中线旁开2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"spirit seal\"; classical texts group the chest points of this meridian with the chest and with breathing.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"神之封\"，传统文献将本经胸部诸穴归入胸中与气息一类。",
   "safety_note": "In an intercostal space beside the sternum with the lung beneath. Classical texts describe shallow oblique needling along the rib. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki24",
   "code": "KI24",
   "chinese": "灵墟",
   "english": "Lingxu",
   "pinyin": "líng xū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the third intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第3肋间隙，前正中线旁开2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"spirit mound\"; one of the six chest points, which share the same lateral line and differ only by intercostal level.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"灵之墟\"，为胸部六穴之一。诸穴同在一条旁线上，唯以肋间高低相别。",
   "safety_note": "In an intercostal space with the lung beneath and the internal thoracic vessels nearby. Classical texts describe shallow oblique needling. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki25",
   "code": "KI25",
   "chinese": "神藏",
   "english": "Shencang",
   "pinyin": "shén cáng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the second intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第2肋间隙，前正中线旁开2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"spirit store\"; classical texts group the upper chest points with the chest and the region below the collarbone.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"神之藏\"，传统文献将上胸部诸穴归入胸中与锁骨下区域一类。",
   "safety_note": "On the upper chest wall with the lung beneath. Classical texts describe shallow oblique needling and caution about depth. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki26",
   "code": "KI26",
   "chinese": "彧中",
   "english": "Yuzhong",
   "pinyin": "yù zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the chest, in the first intercostal space, 2 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第1肋间隙，前正中线旁开2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"refined centre\"; the second of the two highest chest points, just below the collarbone.",
   "classical_note_zh": "名取\"文采之中\"，为胸部最高二穴之一，位在锁骨之下。",
   "safety_note": "High on the chest wall, where the lung lies close beneath the first rib and the great vessels of the upper chest are near. Classical texts describe shallow oblique needling only, and treat this region as demanding particular care. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ki27",
   "code": "KI27",
   "chinese": "俞府",
   "english": "Shufu",
   "pinyin": "shū fǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyin Kidney",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阴肾经",
   "location_en": "On the upper chest, in the depression on the lower border of the clavicle, 2 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "上胸部，锁骨下缘凹陷中，前正中线旁开2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the Kidney meridian, where it is said to descend inward to meet the chest. Classical texts group it with the chest and with breathing.",
   "classical_note_zh": "足少阴肾经的末穴，经脉自此内行入胸中。传统文献将其归入胸中与气息一类。",
   "safety_note": "Below the clavicle, where the lung and the vessels of the upper chest lie close under the point. Classical texts describe shallow oblique needling here and treat this region as demanding particular care. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb1",
   "code": "GB1",
   "chinese": "瞳子髎",
   "english": "Tongziliao",
   "pinyin": "tóng zǐ liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the face, lateral to the outer canthus of the eye, on the lateral border of the orbit.",
   "location_zh": "面部，目外眦外侧，眶外侧缘处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Small Intestine, Triple Energizer and Gallbladder 手太阳、手少阳、足少阳之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Gallbladder meridian, named \"pupil bone-hole\" for the opening of the orbit it sits beside. Classical texts group it with the outer corner of the eye and with the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "足少阳胆经首穴，因位于目外眦旁眼眶骨孔处而得名。传统文献将其归入目外眦与头面一类。",
   "safety_note": "The skin beside the outer canthus is thin and the eye is immediately adjacent. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb2",
   "code": "GB2",
   "chinese": "听会",
   "english": "Tinghui",
   "pinyin": "tīng huì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the face, in the depression between the intertragic notch and the condyle of the mandible; the depression becomes palpable when the mouth is opened.",
   "location_zh": "面部，耳屏间切迹与下颌骨髁突之间的凹陷中，张口时凹陷明显。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"hearing convergence.\" Classical texts group this point with the ear and with the region in front of it.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"听觉所会\"。传统文献将其归入耳及耳前一类的部位。",
   "safety_note": "Lies over the temporomandibular joint, close to the superficial temporal vessels and the auriculotemporal nerve. Classical texts describe needling with the mouth open. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb3",
   "code": "GB3",
   "chinese": "上关",
   "english": "Shangguan",
   "pinyin": "shàng guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the face, in the depression on the upper border of the zygomatic arch, directly above ST7.",
   "location_zh": "面部，颧弓上缘中央凹陷中，下关直上方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Triple Energizer, Gallbladder and Stomach 手少阳、足少阳、足阳明之会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"upper gate\" and paired with ST7 below the arch. Classical texts group it with the ear, the temple and the jaw.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名\"上关\"，与颧弓下方之下关相对。传统文献将其归入耳、颞与牙关一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the zygomatic arch beside the temple, where branches of the facial nerve and the superficial temporal vessels run. Classical texts describe shallow needling. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb4",
   "code": "GB4",
   "chinese": "颔厌",
   "english": "Hanyan",
   "pinyin": "hàn yàn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the temple, at the junction of the upper quarter and the lower three-quarters of the curved line joining ST8 and GB7, a line that follows the curve of the hairline at the temple.",
   "location_zh": "头颞部，从头维（ST8）至曲鬓（GB7）的弧形连线（其弧度与鬓发弧度相应）的上 1/4 与下 3/4 交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"jaw content.\" It is the first of four Gallbladder points spaced along a single curved line across the temple, and classical texts group the four together.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名\"颔厌\"。为胆经在颞部一条弧形连线上依次排列的四穴之首，传统文献多将四穴并论。",
   "safety_note": "The temple is covered by thin skin over the temporalis muscle, with the superficial temporal artery close beneath. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb5",
   "code": "GB5",
   "chinese": "悬颅",
   "english": "Xuanlu",
   "pinyin": "xuán lú",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the temple, at the midpoint of the curved line joining ST8 and GB7.",
   "location_zh": "头颞部，从头维（ST8）至曲鬓（GB7）弧形连线的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"suspended skull,\" describing a position on the side of the head. It is the second of the four temple points of this meridian.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"悬挂于头颅之侧\"，指其在侧头部的位置。为胆经颞部四穴之第二穴。",
   "safety_note": "Over the temporalis muscle with the superficial temporal vessels nearby. Classical texts describe shallow needling across this region. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb6",
   "code": "GB6",
   "chinese": "悬厘",
   "english": "Xuanli",
   "pinyin": "xuán lí",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the temple, at the junction of the lower quarter and the upper three-quarters of the curved line joining ST8 and GB7.",
   "location_zh": "头颞部，从头维（ST8）至曲鬓（GB7）弧形连线的下 1/4 与上 3/4 交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The third of the four points placed along the curved line across the temple. Classical texts group it with the side of the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "为胆经在颞部弧形连线上排列的第三穴。传统文献将其归入侧头一类。",
   "safety_note": "The temporal region carries the superficial temporal vessels just under the skin. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb7",
   "code": "GB7",
   "chinese": "曲鬓",
   "english": "Qubin",
   "pinyin": "qū bìn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, at the intersection of the vertical line along the posterior border of the temple hairline and the horizontal line through the apex of the ear.",
   "location_zh": "头部，耳前鬓角发际后缘的垂线与耳尖水平线之交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named \"curved temple-hair.\" It is the last of the four temple points and serves as the lower landmark for locating GB4, GB5 and GB6.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名\"曲鬓\"，因位于鬓发弯曲处。为胆经颞部四穴之末，也是定位颔厌、悬颅、悬厘三穴的下端标志。",
   "safety_note": "At the hairline in front of the ear, where the superficial temporal vessels branch. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb8",
   "code": "GB8",
   "chinese": "率谷",
   "english": "Shuaigu",
   "pinyin": "shuài gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, directly above the apex of the ear, 1.5 cun within the hairline.",
   "location_zh": "头部，耳尖直上入发际 1.5 寸处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"leading valley.\" Classical texts group it with the vertex of the head and with the region above the ear.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"率引之谷\"。传统文献将其归入头顶与耳上区域一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the scalp above the ear, with branches of the superficial temporal vessels beneath. Classical texts describe shallow needling of the scalp. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb9",
   "code": "GB9",
   "chinese": "天冲",
   "english": "Tianchong",
   "pinyin": "tiān chōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, directly above the posterior border of the root of the ear, 2 cun within the hairline.",
   "location_zh": "头部，耳根后缘直上，入发际 2 寸处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"heavenly surge.\" It is the upper landmark of the curved line behind the ear along which GB10 and GB11 are placed above GB12.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"天部冲要\"。为耳后弧形连线的上端标志，浮白与头窍阴依次排列于其与完骨之间。",
   "safety_note": "Over the scalp behind and above the ear, where the occipital vessels run beneath the skin. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb10",
   "code": "GB10",
   "chinese": "浮白",
   "english": "Fubai",
   "pinyin": "fú bái",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, posterosuperior to the mastoid process, at the junction of the middle and upper thirds of the curved line joining GB9 and GB12.",
   "location_zh": "头部，耳后乳突的后上方，天冲（GB9）与完骨（GB12）弧形连线（其弧度与耳根弧度相应）的中 1/3 与上 1/3 交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"floating white.\" Classical texts group it with the region behind the ear and with the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"浮显之白\"。传统文献将其归入耳后与头部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Behind the ear over the mastoid region, where the posterior auricular vessels lie close under the skin. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb11",
   "code": "GB11",
   "chinese": "头窍阴",
   "english": "Touqiaoyin",
   "pinyin": "tóu qiào yīn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, posterosuperior to the mastoid process, at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the curved line joining GB9 and GB12.",
   "location_zh": "头部，耳后乳突的后上方，天冲（GB9）与完骨（GB12）弧形连线的中 1/3 与下 1/3 交点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Qiaoyin\" refers to the orifices of the head. This is the head point of that name; the foot point of the same name, GB44, is on the fourth toe.",
   "classical_note_zh": "\"窍阴\"指头面诸窍。此为头部之窍阴；足部同名穴足窍阴（GB44）位于第四趾。",
   "safety_note": "Behind the ear over the mastoid region, close to the posterior auricular vessels. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb12",
   "code": "GB12",
   "chinese": "完骨",
   "english": "Wangu (Mastoid)",
   "pinyin": "wán gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, in the depression posteroinferior to the mastoid process.",
   "location_zh": "头部，耳后乳突的后下方凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Bladder and Gallbladder 足太阳、足少阳之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"whole bone\" and refers to the mastoid process. Note that SI4 on the hand is a different point whose name is also transcribed Wangu; the two are not the same point.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"完整之骨\"，指耳后乳突。需注意手太阳小肠经腕骨（SI4）拼音同为 Wangu，二者并非同一穴。",
   "safety_note": "Over the mastoid process, where the facial nerve emerges at the stylomastoid foramen. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb13",
   "code": "GB13",
   "chinese": "本神",
   "english": "Benshen",
   "pinyin": "běn shén",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 0.5 cun above the anterior hairline, 3 cun lateral to the anterior median line.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际上 0.5 寸，头正中线旁开 3 寸处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Gallbladder and the Yang Link vessel 足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"root of the spirit.\" Classical texts group it with the forehead and with the head as a whole.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"神之本\"。传统文献将其归入前额与头部整体一类。",
   "safety_note": "On the forehead at the hairline, over the frontal bone with the supraorbital vessels nearby. Classical texts describe shallow needling of the scalp. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb14",
   "code": "GB14",
   "chinese": "阳白",
   "english": "Yangbai",
   "pinyin": "yáng bái",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the forehead, 1 cun above the eyebrow, directly above the centre of the pupil.",
   "location_zh": "前额部，眉上 1 寸，瞳孔直上方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Gallbladder and the Yang Link vessel 足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"yang brightness.\" Classical texts group it with the forehead and the region around the eye.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"阳之明\"。传统文献将其归入前额与眼周区域一类。",
   "safety_note": "On the forehead above the eye, close to the supraorbital nerve and vessels. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb15",
   "code": "GB15",
   "chinese": "头临泣",
   "english": "Toulinqi",
   "pinyin": "tóu lín qì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 0.5 cun above the anterior hairline, directly above the centre of the pupil, at the midpoint of the line joining GV24 and ST8.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际上 0.5 寸，瞳孔直上方，神庭（GV24）与头维（ST8）连线的中点处。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Bladder, Gallbladder and Yang Link vessel 足太阳、足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Linqi\" means \"overlooking tears.\" This is the head point of that name; the foot point of the same name, GB41, is on the dorsum of the foot.",
   "classical_note_zh": "\"临泣\"意为\"临于泣处\"。此为头部之临泣；足部同名穴足临泣（GB41）位于足背。",
   "safety_note": "At the hairline above the eye, over the frontal bone. Classical texts describe shallow needling of the scalp. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb16",
   "code": "GB16",
   "chinese": "目窗",
   "english": "Muchuang",
   "pinyin": "mù chuāng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 1.5 cun above the anterior hairline, directly above the centre of the pupil.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际上 1.5 寸，瞳孔直上方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Gallbladder and the Yang Link vessel 足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"window of the eye.\" Classical texts group it with the head and with the orifices of the eye.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"目之窗\"。传统文献将其归入头部与目窍一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the scalp above the eye, with the superficial temporal and supraorbital vessels in the field. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb17",
   "code": "GB17",
   "chinese": "正营",
   "english": "Zhengying",
   "pinyin": "zhèng yíng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 2.5 cun above the anterior hairline, directly above the centre of the pupil.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际上 2.5 寸，瞳孔直上方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Gallbladder and the Yang Link vessel 足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"right camp.\" It is the third of the four Gallbladder points set along the vertical line above the pupil.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"正中之营\"。为胆经瞳孔直上纵线上四穴之第三穴。",
   "safety_note": "Over the scalp, where the vessels run in the loose tissue above the skull. Classical texts describe shallow needling of the scalp. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb18",
   "code": "GB18",
   "chinese": "承灵",
   "english": "Chengling",
   "pinyin": "chéng líng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, 4 cun above the anterior hairline, directly above the centre of the pupil.",
   "location_zh": "头部，前发际上 4 寸，瞳孔直上方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Gallbladder and the Yang Link vessel 足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"receiving the spirit.\" It is the highest of the four Gallbladder points on the vertical line above the pupil, and classical texts group it with the vertex.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"承受灵明\"。为胆经瞳孔直上纵线上四穴之最高者，传统文献将其归入头顶部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the scalp near the vertex. Classical texts describe shallow needling here and treat the scalp as a region to needle with restraint. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb19",
   "code": "GB19",
   "chinese": "脑空",
   "english": "Naokong",
   "pinyin": "nǎo kōng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the head, level with the upper border of the external occipital protuberance, directly above GB20.",
   "location_zh": "头部，横平枕外隆凸的上缘，风池（GB20）直上方。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Gallbladder and the Yang Link vessel 足少阳、阳维之会",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"brain hollow,\" referring to the depression at the back of the skull. Classical texts group it with the occiput and with the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为\"脑部空窍\"，指枕骨后方凹陷处。传统文献将其归入枕部与头部一类。",
   "safety_note": "Over the occiput, above the point where GB20 carries its own documented caution about depth. Classical texts describe shallow needling of the scalp in this region. Practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb22",
   "code": "GB22",
   "chinese": "渊腋",
   "english": "Yuanye",
   "pinyin": "yuān yè",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the chest, in the fourth intercostal space, on the midaxillary line.",
   "location_zh": "在侧胸部，腋中线上，第4肋间隙中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"deep axilla\" and simply records a hollow in the chest wall. Classical lists place it on the Gallbladder line as it crosses the lateral trunk; the name describes position, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为腋下深处，记部位之凹陷。古典文献将其列于胆经循行经过侧胸之处；穴名只记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Over the fourth intercostal space, with the pleura and lung immediately beneath. Classical texts describe shallow oblique needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb23",
   "code": "GB23",
   "chinese": "辄筋",
   "english": "Zhejin",
   "pinyin": "zhé jīn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the chest, 1 cun anterior to GB22, level with the nipple, in the fourth intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "在侧胸部，渊腋前1寸，平乳头，第4肋间隙中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Zhejin\" refers to the sinew-like edges of the ribs beside which the point sits. It is one cun anterior to GB22 and is usually listed with it; the name records the locality, not an outcome.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「辄筋」指肋旁如筋之边缘。此穴在渊腋前1寸，古典文献多与渊腋并列；穴名记部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Between the ribs over the lateral chest, with the pleura and lung close beneath. Classical texts advise shallow needling in this region. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb26",
   "code": "GB26",
   "chinese": "带脉",
   "english": "Daimai",
   "pinyin": "dài mài",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral abdomen, 1.8 cun below LR13, at the intersection of a vertical line dropped from the free end of the eleventh rib and the horizontal line at the level of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "在侧腹部，章门下1.8寸，当第11肋骨游离端下方垂线与脐水平线的交点上。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point with the Belt Vessel 交会穴（带脉）",
   "classical_note_en": "The Belt Vessel takes its name from this point, and classical texts describe the vessel as the only one that runs horizontally, girdling the waist. The point is where the Gallbladder line meets it; the record is of location and of the vessel's course, not of a therapeutic result.",
   "classical_note_zh": "带脉之名本于此穴。传统文献称此脉是唯一横行的奇经，绕腰一周。此穴是胆经与带脉相交之处；所记为部位与脉之循行，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "On the lateral abdominal wall, where the muscle layer is thin and the peritoneum lies not far beneath. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb27",
   "code": "GB27",
   "chinese": "五枢",
   "english": "Wushu",
   "pinyin": "wǔ shū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the abdomen, anterior to the anterior superior iliac spine, level with a point 3 cun below the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "在侧腹部，当髂前上棘的前方，横平脐下3寸处。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point with the Belt Vessel 交会穴（带脉）",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Wushu\" means five pivots and is explained in the classical commentaries as referring to the way the Belt Vessel turns at the trunk. The point is listed among the Belt Vessel crossings on the Gallbladder line; the name records position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「五枢」意为五个枢纽，古典注家以此解释带脉在躯干转折之处。此穴列在胆经与带脉交会之数中；穴名记部位。",
   "safety_note": "Close to the anterior superior iliac spine and the inguinal region, over the lower abdominal wall. Classical texts describe shallow needling and treat the lower abdomen as an area requiring care. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb28",
   "code": "GB28",
   "chinese": "维道",
   "english": "Weidao",
   "pinyin": "wéi dào",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the abdomen, anteroinferior to the anterior superior iliac spine, 0.5 cun anteroinferior to GB27.",
   "location_zh": "在侧腹部，当髂前上棘的前下方，五枢前下0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point with the Belt Vessel 交会穴（带脉）",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Weidao\" means the way that binds or holds, and it is grouped in classical lists with GB26 and GB27 as the Belt Vessel crossings along the Gallbladder line. The name describes the vessel's course, not an effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「维道」意为维系之路。古典文献将其与带脉、五枢同列，为胆经上带脉交会的三穴之一。穴名记经脉维系之走行，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdominal wall near the iliac spine and the inguinal region. Classical texts describe shallow needling in this area. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb29",
   "code": "GB29",
   "chinese": "居髎",
   "english": "Juliao (Hip)",
   "pinyin": "jū liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the hip, at the midpoint of the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the most prominent part of the greater trochanter of the femur.",
   "location_zh": "在臀部，当髂前上棘与股骨大转子最凸点连线的中点处。",
   "special_category": "Crossing point with the Yang Heel Vessel 交会穴（阳蹻脉）",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Liao\" means a crevice or hollow beside a bone; the name refers to the depression beside the hip joint. Classical lists record this point as a crossing with the Yang Heel Vessel. The record is of position and of the vessel, not of an outcome.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「髎」指骨旁之空隙，穴名指髋关节旁凹陷处。古典文献记此穴为与阳蹻脉交会之处。所记为部位与交会之脉，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lateral hip beside the greater trochanter, an area crossed by the vessels and nerves that serve the thigh. Deep needling carries risk here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb31",
   "code": "GB31",
   "chinese": "风市",
   "english": "Fengshi",
   "pinyin": "fēng shì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the thigh, on the line joining the greater trochanter and the lateral epicondyle of the femur, 7 cun above the popliteal crease. It is commonly found where the tip of the middle finger reaches when a person stands erect with the arms hanging at the sides.",
   "location_zh": "在大腿外侧，股骨大转子与股骨外侧髁连线上，腘横纹上7寸。简易取法：直立垂手时，中指尖所指处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"wind market\", and the classical explanation is that the point is where wind is said to gather on the outer leg. It is one of the best-known points of the lateral thigh line; the name and the traditional account describe the site, not a demonstrated result.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为风聚之处，古典解释为此处是风邪聚于腿外之会。此穴是腿外侧线上最广为人知的腧穴之一；穴名与传统说法记部位，而非已证实的效果。",
   "safety_note": "On the lateral thigh over the vastus lateralis and close to the femur, with the sciatic nerve branches passing in the area. Needling depth is a practitioner judgement; not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb32",
   "code": "GB32",
   "chinese": "中渎",
   "english": "Zhongdu (Thigh)",
   "pinyin": "zhōng dú",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the thigh, 2 cun below GB31, on the line between the greater trochanter and the lateral epicondyle of the femur, 5 cun above the popliteal crease.",
   "location_zh": "在大腿外侧，风市下2寸，股骨大转子与股骨外侧髁连线上，腘横纹上5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Du\" here is explained in the classical commentaries as referring to the hollow between the muscles of the outer thigh. The point is listed along the Gallbladder line on the thigh; the name records the locality only.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「渎」在此古典注家释为大腿外侧肌间之沟。此穴列于胆经大腿循行线上；穴名只记部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the lateral thigh over muscle, with the femur and the nerve branches of the thigh nearby. Needling depth is a practitioner judgement; not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb33",
   "code": "GB33",
   "chinese": "膝阳关",
   "english": "Xiyangguan",
   "pinyin": "xī yáng guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the knee, 3 cun above GB34, in the depression above the lateral epicondyle of the femur.",
   "location_zh": "在膝外侧，阳陵泉上3寸，股骨外侧髁上方的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Named the \"yang gate of the knee\" after the passage the Gallbladder line makes past the outer knee. It should not be confused with the lumbar point of similar name, GV3, which is on the lower back. The name distinguishes locality, nothing else.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取胆经经过膝外侧如过关隘之意，称为膝之阳关。须与腰部同名类似穴腰阳关（GV3）相区别：后者在腰。穴名只用于区分部位。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lateral knee, close to the joint capsule and the tendons that cross the outer knee. Classical texts describe needling with the joint in mind. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb35",
   "code": "GB35",
   "chinese": "阳交",
   "english": "Yangjiao",
   "pinyin": "yáng jiāo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the leg, 7 cun above the tip of the lateral malleolus, on the posterior border of the fibula.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧，当外踝尖上7寸，腓骨后缘。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft of the Yang Link Vessel 阳维脉郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name marks where the Gallbladder line is said to cross the Yang Link Vessel, and classical lists record it as the xi-cleft point of that vessel. Xi-cleft is a category name for a point, not a statement about what needling it accomplishes.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名指胆经与阳维脉相交之处，古典文献记为阳维脉之郄穴。郄穴只是腧穴的一个类别名称，并不表示针刺后会发生什么。",
   "safety_note": "Behind the fibula, where the sural nerve and the small saphenous vein run close to the surface. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb36",
   "code": "GB36",
   "chinese": "外丘",
   "english": "Waiqiu",
   "pinyin": "wài qiū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the leg, 7 cun above the tip of the lateral malleolus, on the anterior border of the fibula, level with GB35.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧，当外踝尖上7寸，腓骨前缘，平阳交。",
   "special_category": "Xi-cleft point 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Qiu\" means a mound, after the ridge of the fibula beside which the point lies. This is the xi-cleft point of the Gallbladder meridian itself, as distinct from GB35 which is the cleft of the Yang Link Vessel. A category name, not a claimed effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「丘」指骨突，穴名取腓骨前缘隆起之旁。此为胆经本经之郄穴，与阳交（阳维脉郄穴）不同。郄穴是类别名，非疗效表述。",
   "safety_note": "On the anterior border of the fibula, where the superficial peroneal nerve runs close beneath the skin. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb37",
   "code": "GB37",
   "chinese": "光明",
   "english": "Guangming",
   "pinyin": "guāng míng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the leg, 5 cun above the tip of the lateral malleolus, on the anterior border of the fibula.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧，当外踝尖上5寸，腓骨前缘。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting point 络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"brightness\". It is the luo-connecting point of the Gallbladder meridian, the point from which a branch is said to leave the main line to join the Liver meridian. The connecting-point system is a way classical texts describe the network of the meridians; it is not a claim about eyesight or about any outcome.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为光明。此穴是胆经之络穴，即主脉分出支脉与肝经相联络之处。络脉系统是古典文献描述经脉网络的方式，并不表示此穴与目力或任何结果之间的因果关系。",
   "safety_note": "On the anterior border of the fibula with the superficial peroneal nerve close beneath the skin. Classical texts describe shallow needling in this area. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb38",
   "code": "GB38",
   "chinese": "阳辅",
   "english": "Yangfu",
   "pinyin": "yáng fǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the leg, 4 cun above the tip of the lateral malleolus, slightly anterior to the anterior border of the fibula.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧，当外踝尖上4寸，腓骨前缘稍前方。",
   "special_category": "Jing-river point 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Fu\" is read in the classical commentaries as the splint-like support of the fibula. This is the jing-river point of the Gallbladder meridian, one of the five phase-point categories applied to the points below the knee. The category is a way of ordering points, not a statement of effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「辅」古典注家释为辅骨，即腓骨。此穴为胆经之经穴，属膝以下五输穴的类别之一。该类别用于腧穴归类排序，并非疗效表述。",
   "safety_note": "Beside the fibula on the lower leg, where the superficial peroneal nerve lies close under the skin. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb42",
   "code": "GB42",
   "chinese": "地五会",
   "english": "Diwuhui",
   "pinyin": "dì wǔ huì",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, proximal to the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint, between the fourth and fifth metatarsals, on the medial side of the tendon of the extensor digiti minimi.",
   "location_zh": "在足背外侧，当第4跖趾关节的后方，第4、5跖骨之间，小趾伸肌腱的内侧缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is explained in the classical commentaries as a meeting of the five on the ground, referring to the point's position among the metatarsal bones. The record is one of locality and naming, not of a measured effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "古典注家释「地五会」为足部五者之会，指此穴在跖骨之间的位置。所记为部位与命名，而非已测定的效果。",
   "safety_note": "On the dorsum of the foot where the skin is thin and the extensor tendons and dorsal vessels run close beneath. Classical texts describe shallow needling and note that this area is sensitive. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb43",
   "code": "GB43",
   "chinese": "侠溪",
   "english": "Xiaxi",
   "pinyin": "xiá xī",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, between the fourth and fifth toes, proximal to the margin of the web, at the junction of the red and white skin.",
   "location_zh": "在足背外侧，当第4、5趾间，趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处。",
   "special_category": "Ying-spring point 荥穴",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Xia\" means to flank and \"xi\" a stream; the name pictures the point as lying beside the small gully between the toes. It is the ying-spring point of the Gallbladder meridian, one of the five phase-point categories used for points below the knee. A category name, not a claimed outcome.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「侠」为夹，「溪」为小水流，穴名状其位于两趾间沟旁。此穴为胆经之荥穴，属膝以下五输穴的类别之一。类别名而非疗效表述。",
   "safety_note": "In the web between the fourth and fifth toes, where the skin is thin and the digital nerves are close beneath. Classical texts describe shallow needling here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gb44",
   "code": "GB44",
   "chinese": "足窍阴",
   "english": "Zuqiaoyin",
   "pinyin": "zú qiào yīn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder",
   "meridian_zh": "足少阳胆经",
   "location_en": "On the lateral side of the fourth toe, 0.1 cun proximal to the corner of the nail.",
   "location_zh": "在第4趾末节外侧，距趾甲角0.1寸。",
   "special_category": "Jing-well point 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the Gallbladder meridian and its jing-well point, the category used for the points at the ends of the digits. It shares the name \"Qiaoyin\" with GB11 on the head, and the two are distinguished by the prefixes foot and head. Jing-well is an ordering category, not a claim about effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胆经的末穴，亦为其井穴，即指端诸穴所属类别。此穴与头部之头窍阴（GB11）同名，以足、头二字区分。井穴是排序类别，并非疗效表述。",
   "safety_note": "At the side of the nail bed of the fourth toe, a very small and sensitive area. Classical texts describe pricking to a drop of blood here rather than ordinary needling; this is practitioner technique, not a self-care step."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr1",
   "code": "LR1",
   "chinese": "大敦",
   "english": "Dadun",
   "pinyin": "dà dūn",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the great toe, 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail, on the lateral side of the distal phalanx.",
   "location_zh": "在足大趾末节外侧，距趾甲角0.1寸（指寸）。",
   "special_category": "Jing-Well point 井穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The Liver channel starts here, at the corner of the great toe nail. The name means \"great mound\" and records the fleshy prominence at the base of the toe. Classical lists mark it as the first point of the Foot Jueyin line; the record is of position and sequence, not of an outcome.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝经起于足大趾趾甲角旁。穴名「大敦」记大趾本节之丰隆丘状。古典文献以此为足厥阴之第一穴；所记为部位与起止次第，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Beside the nail bed on the toe, where the skin is thin and the tissue is close to bone. Classical texts describe only very shallow needling or moxa here. Not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr4",
   "code": "LR4",
   "chinese": "中封",
   "english": "Zhongfeng",
   "pinyin": "zhōng fēng",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, anterior and inferior to the medial malleolus, in the depression between the tendons of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus.",
   "location_zh": "在足背，内踝前下方，胫骨前肌腱与拇长伸肌腱之间的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Jing-River point 经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The point sits in the hollow in front of the medial ankle where the two tendon bands can be felt separately. \"Feng\" is read in the classical commentaries as the border or sealing line of the channel as it crosses the ankle; the name records locality.",
   "classical_note_zh": "此穴在内踝前方两腱可辨之凹陷中。古典注家以「封」为经气过踝之封界，穴名记部位。",
   "safety_note": "In a tendinous hollow in front of the ankle joint, with the joint capsule and the anterior tibial vessels nearby. Depth and angle are a practitioner judgement. Not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr6",
   "code": "LR6",
   "chinese": "中都",
   "english": "Zhongdu (Medial)",
   "pinyin": "zhōng dū",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the lower leg, 7 cun above the prominence of the medial malleolus, at the midpoint of the medial border of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿内侧，内踝尖上7寸，胫骨内侧面的中央。",
   "special_category": "Xi-Cleft point 郄穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The Liver channel's xi-cleft point, listed midway along the medial border of the shin. The name simply means \"middle capital\" and records the midpoint of the lower-leg stretch of the channel. Note that GB32 on the outer thigh shares the romanisation Zhongdu but is a different point on a different channel; the suffix keeps the two apart.",
   "classical_note_zh": "肝经之郄穴，列于小腿内侧胫骨内侧面之中段。穴名「中都」记其处小腿中线之位。注意：大腿外侧之 GB32 中渎 拼音同为 Zhongdu，属另一经之另一穴，加部位后缀以区别。",
   "safety_note": "Directly against the medial border of the tibia, with only thin soft tissue between the point and the bone. Classical texts describe shallow needling along the bone here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr7",
   "code": "LR7",
   "chinese": "膝关",
   "english": "Xiguan",
   "pinyin": "xī guān",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the lower leg, 1 cun below LR8, in the depression posterior and inferior to the medial condyle of the tibia.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿内侧，阴陵泉后1寸，胫骨内侧髁后下方凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"knee gate\" and records the point's place just behind the knee, where the channel passes the joint. It is listed one cun behind LR8 and is usually described together with it; the record is of locality only.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「膝关」记其位在膝之后方、经气过关之处。古典文献载其在阴陵泉后1寸，多与阴陵泉并述；所记为部位，不涉及疗效。",
   "safety_note": "Behind the medial condyle of the tibia, close to the knee joint line and to the vessels and nerves of the popliteal region. Not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr9",
   "code": "LR9",
   "chinese": "阴包",
   "english": "Yinbao",
   "pinyin": "yīn bāo",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the thigh, 4 cun above the medial epicondyle of the femur, between the vastus medialis and sartorius muscles.",
   "location_zh": "在大腿内侧，股骨内上髁上4寸，股内侧肌与缝匠肌之间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Yin\" refers to the medial side of the limb and \"bao\" to the enclosing muscle mass around the point. The classical description places it in the groove between two named thigh muscles; the record is anatomical.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「阴」指肢之内侧，「包」指其外包裹之肌肉。古典文献将其定位在股内侧肌与缝匠肌之间之肌沟中；所记为解剖部位。",
   "safety_note": "In the muscle groove of the medial thigh, with the femoral vessels deeper in the same compartment. Needling depth is a practitioner judgement. Not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr10",
   "code": "LR10",
   "chinese": "足五里",
   "english": "Zuwuli",
   "pinyin": "zú wǔ lǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the thigh, 3 cun directly below ST30, at the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在大腿内侧，气冲直下3寸，长收肌之外侧缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name distinguishes this \"five li\" point from the one of the same name on the arm; the foot prefix was added to keep the two apart in the lists. It is recorded as three cun below the point where the Stomach line crosses the groin; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名加「足」字，以与臂上同名之「五里」相区别。古典文献载其在气冲直下3寸处；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "High on the medial thigh in the groin region, near the femoral vessels and the inguinal lymph nodes. Classical texts treat the groin points as a region requiring caution. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr11",
   "code": "LR11",
   "chinese": "阴廉",
   "english": "Yinlian",
   "pinyin": "yīn lián",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the thigh, 2 cun directly below ST30, at the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle.",
   "location_zh": "在大腿内侧，气冲直下2寸，长收肌之外侧缘。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Yin\" marks the medial side and \"lian\" the edge or border beside which the point lies. It is listed one cun above LR10 along the same muscle border; the two are normally described together, and the record is of locality.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「阴」指内侧，「廉」指其旁之边缘。古典文献载其在气冲直下2寸，与足五里同一肌缘而高一寸，二穴常并述；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "In the upper medial thigh close to the groin, with the femoral vessels nearby. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "lr12",
   "code": "LR12",
   "chinese": "急脉",
   "english": "Jimai",
   "pinyin": "jí mài",
   "meridian_en": "Foot Jueyin Liver",
   "meridian_zh": "足厥阴肝经",
   "location_en": "In the inguinal region, inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle, 2.5 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在腹股沟区，耻骨结节外下方，前正中线旁开2.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is explained in the classical commentaries as referring to the strong pulse that can be felt at this spot, which is why the point is named for the vessel rather than for a locality. The earliest lists place it in the groin beside the pubic bone.",
   "classical_note_zh": "古典注家释「急脉」为此处脉动应手甚急，故以脉名穴而非以部位名穴。早期文献即将其列于耻骨旁之腹股沟处。",
   "safety_note": "This is the most sensitive point in the set. It lies in the groin over the femoral vessels, and classical texts themselves warn against needling it. Pressure here is normally used only to locate the pulse. Not a self-care technique under any circumstance."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv1",
   "code": "GV1",
   "chinese": "长强",
   "english": "Changqiang",
   "pinyin": "cháng qiáng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the perineum, in the depression between the tip of the coccyx and the anus.",
   "location_zh": "在会阴区，尾骨端与肛门连线的中点凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting point of the Governing Vessel 督脉络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The first point of the Governing Vessel and its luo-connecting point, from which a branch spreads over the back. Classical lists place it at the very bottom of the trunk, where the vessel begins. The record is of the vessel's starting point, not of any effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "督脉之起始穴，亦为其络穴，由此分出支脉散布于背。古典文献列其于躯干最下端，为督脉所起之处；所记为经脉之起始，非言效用。",
   "safety_note": "At the very bottom of the spine in the perineal area, immediately beside the anal sphincter. Cleanliness and infection control matter more here than at almost any other point. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv2",
   "code": "GV2",
   "chinese": "腰俞",
   "english": "Yaoshu",
   "pinyin": "yāo shù",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline of the sacrum, at the sacral hiatus.",
   "location_zh": "在骶区，后正中线上，正对骶管裂孔。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name joins the low back with the word for a point where qi passes through. Classical lists give it as the point over the sacral hiatus, where the vessel enters the sacral canal. The record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取「腰」与「俞」，为督脉由此入于骶管之处。古典文献载其正当骶管裂孔；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sacral hiatus, where the sacral canal comes close to the surface. Angled and superficial technique is standard. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv5",
   "code": "GV5",
   "chinese": "悬枢",
   "english": "Xuanshu",
   "pinyin": "xuán shū",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra (L1).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第1腰椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name describes the point as hanging between the upper and lower sections of the back. Classical lists place it below the first lumbar spine; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「悬枢」，谓其悬于腰背上下两段之间。古典文献载其在第1腰椎棘突下；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the spine. Needling over the spine is superficial and oblique; the spinal canal lies beneath. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv6",
   "code": "GV6",
   "chinese": "脊中",
   "english": "Jizhong",
   "pinyin": "jǐ zhōng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (T11).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第11胸椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Spine centre\" — the point sits at the middle of the spinal run of the vessel in the classical counting. Listed below the eleventh thoracic spine; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「脊中」，谓其居脊柱段之中。古典文献载其在第11胸椎棘突下；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the spine. Needling over the spine is superficial and oblique; the spinal cord lies beneath and deep insertion is not standard. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv7",
   "code": "GV7",
   "chinese": "中枢",
   "english": "Zhongshu",
   "pinyin": "zhōng shū",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第10胸椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Another \"central pivot\" among the back points; classical lists separate it from GV6 by one vertebra. The record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "亦背部「枢」穴之一，古典文献载其在脊中上一椎，即第10胸椎棘突下；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the spine. Needling over the spine is superficial and oblique; the spinal cord lies beneath. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv8",
   "code": "GV8",
   "chinese": "筋缩",
   "english": "Jinsuo",
   "pinyin": "jīn suō",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第9胸椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name speaks of sinew and contraction, and classical commentaries read it as the point associated with the sinew layer of the back. It is listed below the ninth thoracic spine; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「筋缩」，古典注家以其关乎背部之筋。载其在第9胸椎棘突下；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the spine. Needling over the spine is superficial and oblique; the spinal cord lies beneath. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv10",
   "code": "GV10",
   "chinese": "灵台",
   "english": "Lingtai",
   "pinyin": "líng tái",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第6胸椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Spirit terrace\". Classical lists place it below the sixth thoracic spine. Later commentary sometimes reads it together with the region of the heart; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「灵台」。古典文献载其在第6胸椎棘突下；后世注家或以其关乎心部。所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the upper back over the thoracic spine, with the lung beneath. Superficial and oblique needling is standard. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv11",
   "code": "GV11",
   "chinese": "神道",
   "english": "Shendao",
   "pinyin": "shén dào",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第5胸椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Way of the spirit\". Classical lists place it below the fifth thoracic spine, one vertebra above GV10. The record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「神道」。古典文献载其在第5胸椎棘突下，位于灵台上一椎；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the upper back over the thoracic spine, with the lung beneath. Superficial and oblique needling is standard. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv13",
   "code": "GV13",
   "chinese": "陶道",
   "english": "Taodao",
   "pinyin": "táo dào",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (T1).",
   "location_zh": "在脊柱区，第1胸椎棘突下凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Listed immediately below GV14 (Dazhui) in the classical sequence, at the level of the first thoracic spine. The commentaries read \"dao\" as a way or passage; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "古典文献载其在大椎下一节之间，即第1胸椎棘突下。注家释「道」为通达之路；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "At the top of the thoracic spine, where the lung lies beneath. Superficial and oblique needling is standard. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv15",
   "code": "GV15",
   "chinese": "哑门",
   "english": "Yamen",
   "pinyin": "yǎ mén",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline of the neck, in the depression superior to the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra (C2).",
   "location_zh": "在颈后区，第2颈椎棘突上际凹陷中，后正中线上。",
   "special_category": "Meeting point with the yang linking vessel 阳维脉交会穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means \"mute gate\", and classical commentaries connect it with the loss of voice. It is listed on the midline of the nape at the upper border of the second cervical spine. The record is of position and of how the name arose, not of any effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「哑门」，古典注家以其关乎不能言。载其在颈后正中、第2颈椎棘突上际；所记为部位与命名所由，非言效用。",
   "safety_note": "One of the points where depth and direction matter most. The medulla oblongata lies immediately beneath, and classical texts themselves set a shallow limit here. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv17",
   "code": "GV17",
   "chinese": "脑户",
   "english": "Naohu",
   "pinyin": "nǎo hù",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline of the head, in the depression superior to the external occipital protuberance.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，枕外隆凸的上缘凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Door of the brain\". Classical lists place it above the external occipital protuberance; the name refers to the skull rather than to a feature of the surface. The record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「脑户」。古典文献载其在枕外隆凸上际，穴名取颅内之脑而非体表部位；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the skull over the occiput, where bone lies close to the surface and technique is superficial and oblique. In infants the fontanelle near the midline may still be open. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv18",
   "code": "GV18",
   "chinese": "强间",
   "english": "Qiangjian",
   "pinyin": "qiáng jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline of the head, 4 cun superior to the midpoint of the posterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，后发际正中直上4寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The commentaries explain the name by the point's place between the occiput and the crown. Classical lists give it as four cun above the posterior hairline; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「强间」，注家以其位于枕骨与巅顶之间。古典文献载其在后发际正中直上4寸；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp over the skull. Technique is superficial and oblique. In infants the fontanelle may still be open near the midline. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv19",
   "code": "GV19",
   "chinese": "后顶",
   "english": "Houding",
   "pinyin": "hòu dǐng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the posterior midline of the head, 5.5 cun superior to the midpoint of the posterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，后发际正中直上5.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Behind the crown\". Classical lists place it one and a half cun behind GV20 (Baihui); the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「后顶」，谓其在巅顶之后。古典文献载其在百会后一寸五分；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp over the skull. Technique is superficial and oblique. In infants the fontanelle may still be open. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv21",
   "code": "GV21",
   "chinese": "前顶",
   "english": "Qianding",
   "pinyin": "qián dǐng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline of the head, 3.5 cun superior to the midpoint of the anterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，前发际正中直上3.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"In front of the crown\". Classical lists place it one and a half cun in front of GV20 (Baihui); the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「前顶」，谓其在巅顶之前。古典文献载其在百会前一寸五分；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp over the skull. Technique is superficial and oblique. In infants the fontanelle may still be open. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv22",
   "code": "GV22",
   "chinese": "囟会",
   "english": "Xinhui",
   "pinyin": "xìn huì",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline of the head, 2 cun superior to the midpoint of the anterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，前发际正中直上2寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name refers directly to the fontanelle. Classical texts state that the point is not to be treated while the infant fontanelle is still open — a rare explicit caution carried in the point's own record. What is recorded is the position and that caution.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「囟」即指囟门。古典文献明言小儿囟门未合者不可刺，此为穴名之中罕见的自带禁忌；所记为部位与此禁忌。",
   "safety_note": "Named for the fontanelle. In infants whose fontanelle has not yet closed, classical texts say the point is not to be needled. On the scalp over the skull, technique is superficial. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv23",
   "code": "GV23",
   "chinese": "上星",
   "english": "Shangxing",
   "pinyin": "shàng xīng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline of the head, 1 cun superior to the midpoint of the anterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，前发际正中直上1寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Upper star\". Classical lists place it one cun above the anterior hairline; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「上星」。古典文献载其在前发际正中直上1寸；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp at the hairline, where the skin is tender and bleeds easily. Technique is superficial. In infants the nearby fontanelle may still be open. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv24",
   "code": "GV24",
   "chinese": "神庭",
   "english": "Shenting",
   "pinyin": "shén tíng",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the anterior midline of the head, 0.5 cun superior to the midpoint of the anterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，前发际正中直上0.5寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Courtyard of the spirit\". Classical lists place it half a cun above the anterior hairline, at the edge of the hair. The record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「神庭」。古典文献载其在前发际正中直上五分，正当发际之缘；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp at the hairline, where the skin is tender and bleeds easily. Technique is superficial. In infants the nearby fontanelle may still be open. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv25",
   "code": "GV25",
   "chinese": "素髎",
   "english": "Suliao",
   "pinyin": "sù liáo",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the face, at the tip of the nose.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，鼻尖的正中央。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "\"Plain foramen\" — the last point along the nose before the philtrum. Classical lists place it at the centre of the tip of the nose; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「素髎」，为鼻部之末穴。古典文献载其在鼻尖端正中；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the tip of the nose, an area rich in superficial vessels where bleeding and bruising are common. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv27",
   "code": "GV27",
   "chinese": "兑端",
   "english": "Duiduan",
   "pinyin": "duì duān",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the face, at the midpoint of the tubercle of the upper lip.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，上唇结节的中点。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The point is the last one on the lip, and the name is read as its outermost end. Classical lists place it at the midpoint of the tubercle of the upper lip; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名「兑端」，为唇上之末穴。古典文献载其在上唇结节中点；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "On the lip, an area of delicate mucous membrane and dense superficial vessels. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "gv28",
   "code": "GV28",
   "chinese": "龈交",
   "english": "Yinjiao",
   "pinyin": "yín jiāo",
   "meridian_en": "Governing Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "督脉",
   "location_en": "On the inner surface of the upper lip, at the junction of the frenulum of the upper lip and the upper gum.",
   "location_zh": "在上唇内，上唇系带与上牙龈的交点。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the vessel, named for the gum and for the junction where it sits. Classical lists place it inside the upper lip at the frenulum; the record is of position.",
   "classical_note_zh": "督脉之末穴，穴名「龈交」，谓其在龈与唇系带相交之处。古典文献载其在上唇内、唇系带与齿龈之交；所记为部位。",
   "safety_note": "Inside the upper lip on the frenulum — a mucosal surface where infection control matters. Practitioner skill, not a self-care technique."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv1",
   "code": "CV1",
   "chinese": "会阴",
   "english": "Huiyin",
   "pinyin": "huì yīn",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the perineum, at the midpoint between the anus and the scrotum in men, and between the anus and the posterior labial commissure in women.",
   "location_zh": "会阴区，男性在阴囊根部与肛门连线的中点，女性在大阴唇后联合与肛门连线的中点。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Ren, Du and Chong vessels 任督冲三脉交会",
   "classical_note_en": "The starting point of the Conception Vessel, and the point where the Ren, Du and Chong vessels are said to meet. Classical texts record it briefly rather than in detail.",
   "classical_note_zh": "任脉起始之穴，亦为任、督、冲三脉交会之处。经典对此穴记载简略。",
   "safety_note": "In the perineal region over sensitive tissue. Not a point a reader should work on alone; needling here requires advanced practitioner training."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv2",
   "code": "CV2",
   "chinese": "曲骨",
   "english": "Qugu",
   "pinyin": "qū gǔ",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, on the anterior midline, at the midpoint of the upper border of the pubic symphysis.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，前正中线上，耻骨联合上缘的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Classically recorded in relation to the lower abdomen and to urination; the name refers to the pubic bone.",
   "classical_note_zh": "传统记载与下腹部及小便相关；穴名取曲骨之意，指耻骨。",
   "safety_note": "Over the pubic region. Deep needling requires the bladder to be emptied first - a practitioner concern. Classical sources carry a caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv7",
   "code": "CV7",
   "chinese": "阴交",
   "english": "Yinjiao (Abdomen)",
   "pinyin": "yīn jiāo",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, on the anterior midline, 1 cun below the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "下腹部，前正中线上，脐中下 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "Meeting of the Ren and Chong vessels 任脉与冲脉交会",
   "classical_note_en": "Named for the meeting of vessels; it lies next to CV6 and is often listed together with CV6 and CV8 in the classical literature on the abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取阴交交会之意；位于 CV6 之侧，经典腹部论述中常与 CV6、CV8 并举。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdomen; classical sources carry a caution about use in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv9",
   "code": "CV9",
   "chinese": "水分",
   "english": "Shuifen",
   "pinyin": "shuǐ fēn",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, on the anterior midline, 1 cun above the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，前正中线上，脐中上 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the place where water is divided; classical texts record it in relation to the movement of fluids in the abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为水液分利之处，传统记载与腹中水液运行相关。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdomen. Gentle pressure is what a reader can safely do at home; needling depth is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv10",
   "code": "CV10",
   "chinese": "下脘",
   "english": "Xiawan",
   "pinyin": "xià wǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, on the anterior midline, 2 cun above the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，前正中线上，脐中上 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The lower of the two Wan points; classically listed together with CV12 and CV13 in relation to the stomach region.",
   "classical_note_zh": "脘穴之下者；经典中常与 CV12、CV13 并举，与胃脘部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdomen; needling depth and angle are practitioner concerns, not something a reader should attempt at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv11",
   "code": "CV11",
   "chinese": "建里",
   "english": "Jianli",
   "pinyin": "jiàn lǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, on the anterior midline, 3 cun above the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，前正中线上，脐中上 3 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name suggests building up the interior; it is recorded between CV10 and CV12 in the classical ordering of the abdominal points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为建立中里；经典腹部穴序中列于 CV10 与 CV12 之间。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdomen; needling depth and angle are practitioner concerns, not something a reader should attempt at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv13",
   "code": "CV13",
   "chinese": "上脘",
   "english": "Shangwan",
   "pinyin": "shàng wǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, on the anterior midline, 5 cun above the centre of the umbilicus.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，前正中线上，脐中上 5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The upper of the two Wan points; classical texts pair it with CV12 for the upper abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "脘穴之上者；经典中常与 CV12 相配，与上腹部相关。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper abdomen, with the stomach and liver beneath. Needling depth and angle are practitioner concerns."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv15",
   "code": "CV15",
   "chinese": "鸠尾",
   "english": "Jiuwei",
   "pinyin": "jiū wěi",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the upper abdomen, on the anterior midline, 1 cun below the xiphisternal junction.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，前正中线上，胸剑联合下 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "Luo-connecting point of the Ren Mai 任脉络穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The Luo-connecting point of the Conception Vessel, from which the collateral of the vessel is said to spread across the abdomen.",
   "classical_note_zh": "任脉之络穴，任脉的络脉自此散布于腹部。",
   "safety_note": "The liver and the heart lie deep to this point. Classical texts advise shallow oblique insertion rather than deep perpendicular needling - a practitioner skill, never a home activity."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv16",
   "code": "CV16",
   "chinese": "中庭",
   "english": "Zhongting",
   "pinyin": "zhōng tíng",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the chest, on the anterior midline, level with the fifth intercostal space, at the midpoint of the xiphisternal junction.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，前正中线上，平第 5 肋间，胸剑联合的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the central courtyard; it is the chest point recorded between CV15 and CV17.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为庭院之中；位于胸部，经典穴序列于 CV15 与 CV17 之间。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sternum; only gentle pressure is appropriate for a reader. Needling here is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv18",
   "code": "CV18",
   "chinese": "玉堂",
   "english": "Yutang",
   "pinyin": "yù táng",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the chest, on the anterior midline, level with the third intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，前正中线上，平第 3 肋间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the chest points named after the halls of a palace; it appears in the classical sequence of the Conception Vessel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "胸部以宫室命名的腧穴之一，经典任脉穴序中有载。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sternum; gentle pressure only. Needling is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv19",
   "code": "CV19",
   "chinese": "紫宫",
   "english": "Zigong",
   "pinyin": "zǐ gōng",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the chest, on the anterior midline, level with the second intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，前正中线上，平第 2 肋间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name refers to the purple palace; part of the group of chest points named after palace halls.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取紫宫（宫室之名）；属胸部以宫室命名的一组腧穴。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sternum; gentle pressure only. Needling is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv20",
   "code": "CV20",
   "chinese": "华盖",
   "english": "Huagai",
   "pinyin": "huá gài",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the chest, on the anterior midline, level with the first intercostal space.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，前正中线上，平第 1 肋间。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name refers to a canopy; it is the chest point above CV19 and below CV21.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取华盖（伞盖、车盖）之意；位于 CV19 之上、CV21 之下。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sternum; gentle pressure only. Needling is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv21",
   "code": "CV21",
   "chinese": "璇玑",
   "english": "Xuanji",
   "pinyin": "xuán jī",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the chest, on the anterior midline, 1 cun below the centre of the suprasternal fossa, at the centre of the manubrium.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，前正中线上，胸骨上窝下 1 寸，胸骨柄的中央。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name refers to a star, and to an ornament of jade; it is recorded just below CV22 in the classical sequence.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取璇玑（星名，亦指美玉）之意；经典穴序中列于 CV22 之下。",
   "safety_note": "Over the sternum just above the great vessels; gentle pressure only, and needling is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv23",
   "code": "CV23",
   "chinese": "廉泉",
   "english": "Lianquan",
   "pinyin": "lián quán",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the front of the neck, above the laryngeal prominence, in the depression on the upper border of the hyoid bone, on the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "颈前区，喉结上方，舌骨上缘的凹陷中，前正中线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A classical point for the tongue and the throat; the name means a clean spring, referring to the flow of fluids.",
   "classical_note_zh": "咽喉与舌的古典要穴；穴名廉泉意指清泉，与津液相关。",
   "safety_note": "The base of the tongue and the airway lie close behind this point. Needling is a practitioner skill; do not attempt it at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "cv24",
   "code": "CV24",
   "chinese": "承浆",
   "english": "Chengjiang",
   "pinyin": "chéng jiāng",
   "meridian_en": "Conception Vessel",
   "meridian_zh": "任脉",
   "location_en": "On the face, in the depression at the centre of the mentolabial groove.",
   "location_zh": "面部，颏唇沟的正中凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The last point of the Conception Vessel, where the vessel is said to end while the Du vessel continues upward over the head.",
   "classical_note_zh": "任脉的末穴，任脉至此而终，督脉则由头面上行接续。",
   "safety_note": "On the face close to the mouth; routine needling is low risk, but the point is kept clear of the teeth and the mucosa."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st11",
   "code": "ST11",
   "chinese": "气舍",
   "english": "Qishe",
   "pinyin": "qì shě",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterior aspect of the neck, at the upper border of the medial end of the clavicle, in the depression between the sternal head and the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.",
   "location_zh": "颈前部，锁骨内侧端上缘，胸锁乳突肌胸骨头与锁骨头之间的凹陷处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the dwelling place of qi. Classical sources record it briefly, in relation to the throat and to the movement of qi through the neck.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取气所舍居之意。经典记载简略，与咽喉及颈部气机运行相关。",
   "safety_note": "On the neck, close to the carotid sheath and the great vessels at the root of the neck. Not a point for self-treatment; needling here requires advanced practitioner training."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st12",
   "code": "ST12",
   "chinese": "缺盆",
   "english": "Quepen",
   "pinyin": "quē pén",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterior aspect of the neck, in the supraclavicular fossa, 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "颈前部，锁骨上大窝（缺盆）中央，前正中线旁开 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the empty basin, after the shape of the supraclavicular fossa. Classical texts carry an explicit caution against deep needling at this point.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取锁骨上窝凹陷如空盆之形。经典对此穴明确记载不宜深刺。",
   "safety_note": "Lies over the apex of the lung and near the subclavian vessels. Classical sources warn against deep needling because of the risk of injuring the lung. A reader should not needle or press firmly here."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st14",
   "code": "ST14",
   "chinese": "库房",
   "english": "Kufang",
   "pinyin": "kù fáng",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "In the anterior thoracic region, in the first intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第 1 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means storehouse. It opens the classical listing of the chest points of the Stomach channel, which are named after the parts of a house.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取库房储藏之意。足阳明胃经胸部诸穴多以屋舍部位为名，此穴为其首。",
   "safety_note": "Over the chest wall with the lung beneath. Any needling here is oblique or transverse and is a practitioner skill; pneumothorax is the recognised risk. Not a point a reader should work on."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st15",
   "code": "ST15",
   "chinese": "屋翳",
   "english": "Wuyi",
   "pinyin": "wū yì",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "In the anterior thoracic region, in the second intercostal space, 4 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "胸部，第 2 肋间隙，前正中线旁开 4 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the eave or screen of a house, following the naming pattern of the chest points of this channel. Classical records treat it together with ST14.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取屋舍檐翳遮蔽之意，与胃经胸部诸穴命名相承。经典常与 ST14 并举。",
   "safety_note": "Over the chest wall with the lung beneath. Needling angle and depth are practitioner concerns, not something a reader should attempt at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st22",
   "code": "ST22",
   "chinese": "关门",
   "english": "Guanmen",
   "pinyin": "guān mén",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "In the upper abdomen, 3 cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐中上 3 寸，前正中线旁开 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the gate that closes. It is listed between ST21 and ST23 in the classical ordering of the abdominal points of the Stomach channel.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取关门闭纳之意。足阳明胃经腹部穴序中列于 ST21 与 ST23 之间。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdomen. Gentle pressure is what a reader can safely do at home; needling depth is a practitioner concern, and classical sources carry a caution about the abdominal region in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st23",
   "code": "ST23",
   "chinese": "太乙",
   "english": "Taiyi",
   "pinyin": "tài yǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "In the upper abdomen, 2 cun superior to the centre of the umbilicus, 2 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "上腹部，脐中上 2 寸，前正中线旁开 2 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name uses the classical term Taiyi. Among the abdominal points of this channel it is recorded between ST22 and ST24; the classical texts describe it briefly.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取古典用语「太乙」。胃经腹部穴序中列于 ST22 与 ST24 之间，经典记载简略。",
   "safety_note": "Over the abdomen. Needling depth and angle are practitioner concerns, not something a reader should attempt at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "st32",
   "code": "ST32",
   "chinese": "伏兔",
   "english": "Futu (Thigh)",
   "pinyin": "fú tù",
   "meridian_en": "Stomach Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足阳明胃经",
   "location_en": "On the anterior aspect of the thigh, 6 cun superior to the base of the patella, on the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the lateral border of the patella.",
   "location_zh": "股前外侧部，髌底上 6 寸，髂前上棘与髌底外侧端连线上。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means crouching rabbit, describing the bulge of the thigh muscle when the knee is bent. It is one of the more fully recorded points of the thigh in the classical literature.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取伏兔之形，形容屈膝时股前肌隆起如伏卧之兔。为经典中记载较多的股部穴位之一。",
   "safety_note": "Over the large muscles of the thigh with no vital organ beneath, so it is among the safer regions for simple acupressure. Needling remains a practitioner matter."
  },
  {
   "slug": "sp5",
   "code": "SP5",
   "chinese": "商丘",
   "english": "Shangqiu",
   "pinyin": "shāng qiū",
   "meridian_en": "Spleen Meridian",
   "meridian_zh": "足太阴脾经",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the foot, in the depression anterior and inferior to the medial malleolus, midway between the tuberosity of the navicular bone and the tip of the medial malleolus.",
   "location_zh": "足内侧，内踝前下方凹陷中，舟骨粗隆与内踝尖连线的中点处。",
   "special_category": "Jing-River point of the Five Shu points 五输穴之经穴",
   "classical_note_en": "The Jing-River point among the Five Shu points of the Spleen channel. The name refers to a mound, describing the shape of the bone beside which the point lies.",
   "classical_note_zh": "足太阴脾经五输穴之经穴。穴名取丘陵之意，形容其旁骨突隆起之形。",
   "safety_note": "Over the ankle, close to the bone and near the saphenous vein; only superficial needling is used here. Gentle pressure is safe for a reader; avoid the area if the ankle is injured or swollen."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn3",
   "code": "EX-HN3",
   "chinese": "印堂",
   "english": "Yintang",
   "pinyin": "yìn táng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the head, in the depression midway between the medial ends of the two eyebrows.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，两眉毛内侧端中间的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A point outside the fourteen channels, recorded in classical literature as a point of the glabella. The name means the hall of the seal, referring to the space between the brows.",
   "classical_note_zh": "十四经之外的奇穴，古典文献载其在两眉之间（印堂，古称阙中）。穴名取印堂之意，指两眉间之位。",
   "safety_note": "On the face above the root of the nose and close to the eyes. Gentle pressure is safe; needling here is superficial and is a practitioner skill. Avoid the area if the skin is broken or infected."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn5",
   "code": "EX-HN5",
   "chinese": "太阳",
   "english": "Taiyang",
   "pinyin": "tài yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the head, in the depression about one finger-breadth posterior to the midpoint between the lateral end of the eyebrow and the outer canthus of the eye.",
   "location_zh": "在头部，眉梢与目外眦之间向后约一横指的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "One of the best known extraordinary points. The name Taiyang (great yang) is shared with several other terms in the classical literature; as a point name it refers to this temple location.",
   "classical_note_zh": "最常用的奇穴之一。穴名太阳，古典文献中「太阳」另有他义；作为穴名则专指颞侧此位。",
   "safety_note": "The temple: the temporal bone lies close beneath, and the superficial temporal vessels run through the area. Only gentle pressure is appropriate for a reader; needling is a practitioner skill and is kept well clear of the eye."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn1",
   "code": "EX-HN1",
   "chinese": "四神聪",
   "english": "Sishencong",
   "pinyin": "sì shén cōng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the vertex, a group of four points, each 1 cun from Baihui (GV20) - one anterior, one posterior and one on each side.",
   "location_zh": "在头顶部，百会（GV20）前、后、左、右各旁开 1 寸，共 4 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the four openings of the spirit. The four points are named after Baihui (GV20), which sits at their centre, and are always recorded as a group rather than as separate points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取四神聪之意。四穴环绕百会（GV20）而列，前后左右各一，文献中始终作为一组记载，不单列。",
   "safety_note": "On the scalp over the skull, with no vital structure beneath the skin. Gentle pressure across the group is safe and common; needling is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn4",
   "code": "EX-HN4",
   "chinese": "鱼腰",
   "english": "Yuyao",
   "pinyin": "yú yāo",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the forehead, directly above the centre of the pupil, at the midpoint of the eyebrow.",
   "location_zh": "在额部，瞳孔直上，眉毛的中心处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the waist of the fish, describing the eyebrow's shape. It is one of the extraordinary points of the forehead recorded in later classical compilations.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取鱼腰之形，形容眉毛如鱼身之中段。属后世类书所载额部奇穴之一。",
   "safety_note": "Directly above the eye, over the supraorbital nerve and vessels. Gentle pressure only for a reader; needling here is superficial and oblique, and is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b1",
   "code": "EX-B1",
   "chinese": "定喘",
   "english": "Dingchuan",
   "pinyin": "dìng chuǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the upper back, 0.5 cun lateral to the midpoint of the lower border of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, beside Dazhui (GV14).",
   "location_zh": "在背上部，第 7 颈椎棘突下（大椎 GV14）旁开 0.5 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A modern extraordinary point rather than a classical channel point; the name states its traditional association with calming breathing. It appears in twentieth-century compilations of extraordinary points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "属近世奇穴，非十四经古典穴。穴名定喘，表明其与平定喘息的传统关联，见于二十世纪奇穴汇编。",
   "safety_note": "Over the upper back at the level of C7, where the apex of the lung lies deep to the chest wall. Recognised risk of pneumothorax - needling angle and depth are strictly practitioner concerns. A reader should only use light pressure here."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue11",
   "code": "EX-UE11",
   "chinese": "十宣",
   "english": "Shixuan",
   "pinyin": "shí xuān",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the ten fingertips, about 0.1 cun posterior to the free margin of the nail - a group of ten points in all, one on each finger.",
   "location_zh": "在手十指尖端，距指甲游离缘 0.1 寸（指寸），左右共 10 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the ten propagations. The ten points are recorded as a single group in the classical and later literature, never as ten separately named points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取十宣通宣之意。十穴作为一组记载于古典及后世文献，从不作为十个独立穴名分列。",
   "safety_note": "Fingertips are highly sensitive and the classical use of this point involves pricking to release a drop of blood - a practitioner skill requiring strict infection control, never a home activity. Not suitable for anyone with a bleeding disorder or taking blood-thinning medication."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le5",
   "code": "EX-LE5",
   "chinese": "膝眼",
   "english": "Xiyan",
   "pinyin": "xī yǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "With the knee flexed, in the depressions on both sides of the patellar ligament. The medial point is called Neixiyan; the lateral one is the same location as Dubi (ST35). Two points on each knee, four in all.",
   "location_zh": "屈膝，在髌韧带两侧凹陷中。内侧者称内膝眼，外侧者与犊鼻（ST35）同位。每膝 2 穴，左右共 4 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name describes the two dimples that appear beside the kneecap when the knee is bent, like a pair of eyes. Recorded as a pair in the classical literature on the knee.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取屈膝时髌韧带两侧凹陷如眼之形。古典膝部论述中作为一组（内外两穴）记载。",
   "safety_note": "Over the front of the knee joint itself. Gentle pressure around the joint is what a reader can do, and only when the knee is not acutely swollen, hot or injured. Needling into the joint space is a practitioner skill with infection-control requirements."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le6",
   "code": "EX-LE6",
   "chinese": "阑尾穴",
   "english": "Lanweixue",
   "pinyin": "lán wěi xué",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the lower leg, about 2 cun below Zusanli (ST36), over the tibialis anterior muscle, at the point where tenderness is most marked.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧上部，足三里（ST36）下约 2 寸，胫骨前肌上，压痛最明显处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A modern extraordinary point, named in the twentieth century for its traditional association with the lower abdomen. Unlike the classical channel points it has no ancient literature behind it.",
   "classical_note_zh": "近世奇穴，二十世纪因其与少腹（下腹部）的传统关联而得名。与十四经古典穴不同，此穴并无古代文献依据。",
   "safety_note": "Tenderness at this point is not a diagnosis, and pressing here does not tell you whether anything is wrong. Acute abdominal pain - especially pain that moves to the lower right abdomen, with fever or vomiting - needs urgent medical assessment. Do not use this point to wait and see."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le7",
   "code": "EX-LE7",
   "chinese": "胆囊穴",
   "english": "Dannangxue",
   "pinyin": "dǎn náng xué",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the lateral aspect of the lower leg, about 1 to 2 cun below Yanglingquan (GB34), anteroinferior to the head of the fibula, at the point where tenderness is most marked.",
   "location_zh": "在小腿外侧上部，阳陵泉（GB34）下 1 至 2 寸，腓骨小头前下方压痛最明显处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "A modern extraordinary point, named in the twentieth century for its traditional association with the gallbladder region. It is recorded in modern compilations rather than in the classical channel literature.",
   "classical_note_zh": "近世奇穴，二十世纪因其与胆腑部位的传统关联而得名。见于现代奇穴汇编，非古典经穴文献所载。",
   "safety_note": "Tenderness here is not a diagnosis of gallbladder disease. Pain in the upper right abdomen, fever or jaundice needs proper medical assessment. The common peroneal nerve winds around the neck of the fibula nearby, so needling is a practitioner skill; pressure only for a reader."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue9",
   "code": "EX-UE9",
   "chinese": "八邪",
   "english": "Baxie",
   "pinyin": "bā xié",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the hand, at the junction of the red and white skin just proximal to the webs between the five fingers; four points on each hand, eight in all.",
   "location_zh": "在手背侧，第 1~5 指间指蹼缘后方赤白肉际处，一手 4 穴，左右共 8 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the eight pathogens. The points sit on the webs between the fingers and are always recorded as a group of eight rather than as separate points. They are the hand counterpart of Bafeng (EX-LE10) on the foot.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取八邪之意。八穴分列于两手手指之间的指蹼处，文献始终作为一组记载，不单列。与足部八风（EX-LE10）互为手足对应之组穴。",
   "safety_note": "Between the fingers on the back of the hand, over the webs. Gentle pinching or pressure along the webs is safe and common; needling here is superficial and is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le10",
   "code": "EX-LE10",
   "chinese": "八风",
   "english": "Bafeng",
   "pinyin": "bā fēng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the foot, at the junction of the red and white skin just proximal to the webs between the five toes; four points on each foot, eight in all.",
   "location_zh": "在足背侧，第 1~5 趾间趾蹼缘后方赤白肉际处，一足 4 穴，左右共 8 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the eight winds. The points are the foot counterpart of Baxie (EX-UE9) on the hand and are likewise recorded as a group of eight, never as single points.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取八风之意。与手部八邪（EX-UE9）互为手足对应之组穴，同样作为一组八穴记载，不单列。",
   "safety_note": "Between the toes on the top of the foot. Gentle pressure is safe; the skin here is thin and needling is a practitioner skill. Do not work on the area if the skin between the toes is broken."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le12",
   "code": "EX-LE12",
   "chinese": "鹤顶",
   "english": "Heding",
   "pinyin": "hè dǐng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the anterior aspect of the knee, in the depression above the midpoint of the upper border of the patella.",
   "location_zh": "在膝前部，髌骨底中点上方凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the crane's crown, taken from the shape of the knee. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, and classical literature discusses it together with the knee joint rather than with any channel course.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取鹤顶之意，以膝之形似鹤首而得名。为十四经之外的奇穴，文献多与膝关节并论，不入经脉循行之列。",
   "safety_note": "Directly over the knee joint capsule. Gentle pressure around the borders of the kneecap is safe; needling into or around the joint is a practitioner skill and is not something a reader should attempt at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue2",
   "code": "EX-UE2",
   "chinese": "四缝",
   "english": "Sifeng",
   "pinyin": "sì fèng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the palm, at the centre of the transverse crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint of each of the four fingers - the index, middle, ring and little finger; four points on each hand, eight in all.",
   "location_zh": "在手掌面，第 2~5 指近端指间关节横纹中点处，一手 4 穴，左右共 8 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name refers to the four creases. The points are recorded as a group on the fingers, and classical practice used pricking here rather than ordinary needle insertion. The thumb is not included in the group.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取四缝（四道指缝）之意。四穴并记于手指，古典用法以点刺为主，并非常规针刺；拇指不计入其内。",
   "safety_note": "On the palmar side of the fingers, over the joints. The skin is thin and the area is sensitive; pricking to draw blood is a practitioner procedure and carries the infection risk of any break in the skin. Not something a reader should do at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue7",
   "code": "EX-UE7",
   "chinese": "腰痛点",
   "english": "Yaotongdian",
   "pinyin": "yāo tòng diǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the hand, between the second and third metacarpal bones and between the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, at the midpoint between the transverse wrist crease and the metacarpophalangeal joints; two points on each hand, four in all.",
   "location_zh": "在手背侧，第 2、3 掌骨之间及第 4、5 掌骨之间，当腕横纹与掌指关节中点处，一手 2 穴，左右共 4 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the low back pain points. It is named after the use recorded for the points rather than after an anatomical landmark, and the four points are always recorded as a group.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取腰痛点之意，以所主之症命名，非以部位命名。四穴成组记载，不单列。",
   "safety_note": "On the back of the hand between the long bones of the palm. Firm pressure here is a familiar self-care gesture and is safe; needling is a practitioner skill."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ca1",
   "code": "EX-CA1",
   "chinese": "子宫",
   "english": "Zigong (Abdomen)",
   "pinyin": "zǐ gōng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the lower abdomen, 4 cun below the centre of the umbilicus and 3 cun lateral to the anterior midline.",
   "location_zh": "在下腹部，脐中下 4 寸，前正中线旁开 3 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the uterus, so the point is named after an organ rather than after a surface landmark. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. The English name is given here with an abdomen qualifier because Zigong is also the pinyin name of Zigong (CV19), a different point on the chest.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取子宫之意，以脏腑命名，非以体表标志命名。为十四经之外的奇穴。英文名加注 abdomen，以别于同名的胸部穴紫宫（CV19）。",
   "safety_note": "Over the lower abdomen, with the pelvic organs beneath. Classical sources carry a caution about use in pregnancy. Gentle pressure is what a reader can safely do at home; needling depth is a practitioner concern."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn8",
   "code": "EX-HN7",
   "chinese": "球后",
   "english": "Qiuhou",
   "pinyin": "qiú hòu",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the face, on the infraorbital margin, at the junction of the lateral quarter and the medial three quarters of the lower border of the orbit.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，眶下缘外 1/4 与内 3/4 交界处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means behind the eyeball. The point is recorded in relation to the eye, and classical texts describe needling here as a delicate procedure rather than a routine one.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取球后之意，指眼球之后。文献多与眼目并论，古典记载称此处针刺手法最为细致，非同常穴。",
   "safety_note": "At the lower rim of the eye socket, with the eyeball directly behind it. This is not a point for self-treatment: needling near the orbit is an advanced practitioner skill and mishandling risks injury to the eye. Do not press hard or needle here at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn6",
   "code": "EX-HN6",
   "chinese": "耳尖",
   "english": "Erjian (Ear Apex)",
   "pinyin": "ěr jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the ear, at the apex of the auricle when the ear is folded forward.",
   "location_zh": "在耳廓的上方，折耳向前时耳廓上方的尖端处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name simply describes where the point is: the tip of the ear. It belongs to the group of points outside the fourteen channels. The English name is given here with an ear qualifier because Erjian is also the pinyin name of Erjian (LI2), a different point on the hand. Classical texts record pricking this point to release a few drops of blood for heat patterns and for eye conditions; modern research on the point is limited and its effects are not established.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名直指其位，即耳廓之尖端。为十四经之外的奇穴。英文名加注 ear，以别于同名的手部穴二间（LI2）。古典文献记载此处点刺出血，用于热证与目疾；现代研究尚不充分，其作用未被证实。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits on the auricle, where cartilage lies just under thin skin. Infection of the ear cartilage is a real risk when it is pierced without clean technique, so ear-tip pricking is a practitioner procedure rather than a self-treatment. Do not try to prick or bleed this point at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b2",
   "code": "EX-B2",
   "chinese": "夹脊",
   "english": "Jiaji",
   "pinyin": "jiā jǐ",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the back and low back, 0.5 cun lateral to the lower border of each spinous process from the first thoracic vertebra to the fifth lumbar vertebra; 17 points on each side.",
   "location_zh": "在背腰部，第 1 胸椎至第 5 腰椎各棘突下旁开 0.5 寸，一侧 17 穴，左右共 34 穴。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Also called Huatuo Jiaji. The name means beside the spine. This is a group of paired points rather than a single point: one pair beside each of seventeen vertebrae. Each pair lies beside the segment of the spine it belongs to, which is why texts discuss the group in relation to the organs associated with the corresponding segments. Sources differ on the range of the group and some include the cervical vertebrae; this entry follows the common textbook range from T1 to L5.",
   "classical_note_zh": "又称华佗夹脊。穴名意为夹于脊柱两旁。本条为一组穴而非单穴：十七个椎体各旁开一对。每一对与其所在椎节相应，故文献常按节段论其与相应脏腑的关系。各书所载起止椎节不一，亦有计入颈椎者，本条采用通行的第 1 胸椎至第 5 腰椎计法。",
   "safety_note": "These points lie close to the spine, and at thoracic levels they are close to the pleural cavity. Depth and angle are decided by the practitioner according to the level and the person's build. Self-massage along the muscles beside the spine is what a reader can reasonably do; needling is not a self-treatment."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue8",
   "code": "EX-UE8",
   "chinese": "外劳宫",
   "english": "Wailaogong",
   "pinyin": "wài láo gōng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the hand, between the second and third metacarpal bones, about 0.5 cun proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints, in the depression.",
   "location_zh": "在手背侧，第 2、3 掌骨之间，掌指关节后约 0.5 寸凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means outer Laogong, given because the point lies on the back of the hand roughly opposite Laogong (PC8) on the palm. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. It is widely known under the popular name Luozhen, the stiff-neck point, and modern Chinese acupuncture writing discusses it in that context; the classical record for this point is thinner than for the channel points nearby.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为劳宫之外，因其在手背侧，与掌中劳宫（PC8）相对。为十四经之外的奇穴。近世多以「落枕穴」这一俗名流传，近代针灸著述多在此语境下讨论；其古典记载较邻近经穴为少。",
   "safety_note": "On the back of the hand, over the small muscles between the metacarpal bones. Firm pressure here is commonly used in self-massage and is generally tolerable. Needling is a practitioner matter; this is not a point for deep insertion or for bleeding at home."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b7",
   "code": "EX-B7",
   "chinese": "腰眼",
   "english": "Yaoyan",
   "pinyin": "yāo yǎn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the low back, in the depression about 3.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "在腰部，第 4 腰椎棘突下，后正中线旁开约 3.5 寸的凹陷中（部分文献作 4 寸）。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the eye of the low back, referring to a natural hollow rather than to the eye itself. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. Classical texts associate the point with the low back and the kidney region; the reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取腰眼之意，指腰部的天然凹陷，非指目。为十四经之外的奇穴。古典文献多将其与腰及肾的区域并论；所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "In the soft tissue of the low back, over the muscles beside the lumbar spine. Gentle pressure or warming is what a reader can safely try at home. Deep needling in the low back is a practitioner skill; stop if pressure produces sharp pain or pain radiating down the leg."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le11",
   "code": "EX-LE11",
   "chinese": "独阴",
   "english": "Duyin",
   "pinyin": "dú yīn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the sole, on the plantar surface of the second toe, at the midpoint of the crease of the distal interphalangeal joint.",
   "location_zh": "在足底，第 2 趾跖侧，远端趾间关节横纹的中点。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means single yin. The point is on the underside of the foot, in contrast to the yang surface of the toes, and it is a point outside the fourteen channels. Classical sources record it mainly in relation to the lower abdomen and the uterus. As with Zigong (EX-CA1), the classical texts carry a caution about its use in pregnancy; that caution is recorded here as a caution, not as a claim of effect.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取独阴之意。其位在足趾底面，与趾背之阳面相对，为十四经之外的奇穴。古典文献多与小腹及胞宫并论。与子宫（EX-CA1）相类，古籍对其在妊娠期的应用存有告诫；本条仅录此告诫，不作为疗效主张。",
   "safety_note": "On the plantar surface of a toe, where the skin is thin and the joint is close under it. Points on the sole are tender. Gentle pressure is tolerable; needling here is painful and is a practitioner procedure. Classical sources carry a caution about this point in pregnancy."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b5",
   "code": "EX-B5",
   "chinese": "下极俞",
   "english": "Xiajishu",
   "pinyin": "xià jí shù",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the low back, in the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "在腰部，后正中线上，第 3 腰椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is usually read as the shu point of the lower pole, the lower pole being the low back itself. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, and it sits on the posterior midline rather than on one of the two paraspinal lines. Modern Chinese acupuncture textbooks list it among the points discussed in relation to the low back and the lower abdomen; the classical record for it is thinner than for the Back Transport points at the same level, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名多释为下极之俞，「下极」即指腰骶之极处。为十四经之外的奇穴，位于后正中线上，而非两旁的两条侧线。近代针灸教材多将其与腰及小腹并论；其古典记载较同水平的背俞穴为少，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point lies on the midline directly over the lumbar interspinous space. Needling in the posterior midline at lumbar level is a practitioner skill, because depth and angle determine whether the spinal canal is approached. A reader can safely apply gentle pressure or warmth to the muscles beside the spine rather than on the midline itself; stop if pressure produces sharp pain, numbness, or pain running down the leg."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b8",
   "code": "EX-B8",
   "chinese": "十七椎",
   "english": "Shiqizhui (17th Vertebra)",
   "pinyin": "shí qī zhuī",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the low back, in the posterior midline, in the depression below the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra.",
   "location_zh": "在腰部，后正中线上，第 5 腰椎棘突下凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is a count rather than a description. Counting downward from the first thoracic vertebra, twelve thoracic plus five lumbar makes seventeen, so the seventeenth vertebra is the fifth lumbar and this point lies just below its spinous process. Some texts count from the seventh cervical vertebra instead and place the point one level higher, so sources differ by one level; this entry follows the common textbook placement below L5. It is a point outside the fourteen channels.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名是一个计数，而非形貌描述。自第 1 胸椎向下数，胸椎十二加腰椎五共十七，故第十七椎即第 5 腰椎，本穴在其棘突下。亦有自第 7 颈椎起算者，定位因之高出一个椎节，各书所载相差一级；本条采用通行的第 5 腰椎棘突下计法。为十四经之外的奇穴。",
   "safety_note": "The point lies on the midline at the lumbosacral junction. As with other midline lumbar points, needling is a practitioner matter and the safe thing for a reader to do at home is gentle warmth or light pressure over the low back muscles. Do not press hard on the midline itself, and stop if there is sharp pain, numbness, or pain radiating into the legs."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b4",
   "code": "EX-B4",
   "chinese": "痞根",
   "english": "Pigen",
   "pinyin": "pǐ gēn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the low back, about 3.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra, one point on each side.",
   "location_zh": "在腰部，第 1 腰椎棘突下旁开约 3.5 寸，左右各一（部分文献作 4 寸）。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the root of pi. Pi is the classical term for a subjective lump or fullness in the abdomen rather than a growth, and the point is named for that complaint. It is a paired point outside the fourteen channels, one on each side, at the level where the first lumbar vertebra sits. Later texts discuss it in this abdominal context; the reported effects are not established by modern research and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取痞根之意。「痞」指腹中痞塞胀满之感，非指有形之块，本穴因该症而得名。为十四经之外的奇穴，左右各一，平第 1 腰椎棘突。后世文献多在此语境下讨论；所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point is in the soft tissue lateral to the lumbar spine at the first lumbar level, over the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall; the kidney lies close to this level on the inside. Deep needling here is a practitioner decision. Gentle pressure or warming on the muscles of the low back is what a reader can safely try. Stop if pressure produces sharp pain, or pain running down the leg."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue1",
   "code": "EX-UE1",
   "chinese": "肘尖",
   "english": "Zhoujian",
   "pinyin": "zhǒu jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the posterior aspect of the elbow, at the tip of the olecranon when the elbow is flexed.",
   "location_zh": "在肘后区，屈肘时尺骨鹰嘴的尖端。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is the landmark itself: the tip of the elbow. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, and unusually the name describes a bone rather than a hollow or a muscle. Later acupuncture literature discusses this point mainly in connection with swellings in the neck region, and classical writing describes moxa rather than needling here; the classical record is thinner than for the channel points around the elbow, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名即其标志本身，指肘部之尖端。为十四经之外的奇穴；其名取骨性标志而非凹陷或肌肉，较为少见。后世针灸文献多在颈项肿结的语境下讨论此穴，古典记述多言灸而不言针；其古典记载较肘周经穴为少，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The olecranon bursa lies directly under the skin here, and the ulnar nerve passes behind the elbow. Moxibustion or needling at this point is a practitioner procedure. A reader should not press or heat the tip of the elbow hard: the bursa is easily irritated, and the common cause of a sore elbow tip is leaning on it, which is better solved by stopping that habit than by stimulating the point."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le2",
   "code": "EX-LE2",
   "chinese": "百虫窝",
   "english": "Baichongwo",
   "pinyin": "bǎi chóng wō",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the medial aspect of the thigh, 3 cun above the base of the patella, on the bulge of the vastus medialis muscle; 1 cun above Xuehai (SP10).",
   "location_zh": "在大腿内侧，髌底内侧端上 3 寸，股内侧肌隆起处；即血海（SP10）上 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the nest of a hundred insects. It is a name drawn from the way itching and skin complaints were imagined in older Chinese writing, and not a description of anything found at the site; the reader should not take it literally. Later texts discuss the point in that context. Its effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取百虫窝之意，源出旧时对口痒与皮肤诸患的想象，并非指该处实有之物，读者不必望文生义。后世文献多在此语境下讨论本穴。其作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point lies on the medial thigh over the vastus medialis muscle, away from the major vessels and nerves of the groin. Firm pressure here is generally tolerable and is commonly used in self-massage. Needling is a practitioner matter, and this is not a point for self-needling or for bleeding."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn14",
   "code": "EX-HN14",
   "chinese": "翳明",
   "english": "Yiming",
   "pinyin": "yì míng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the neck, 1 cun posterior to Yifeng (TE17), in the depression posterior to the mastoid process.",
   "location_zh": "在项部，翳风（TE17）后 1 寸，乳突后下方凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name joins yi, the classical word for a film or nebula over the eye, with ming, bright: it is a name drawn from the eye complaints discussed in older Chinese writing, not a description of anything at the site. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, on the neck just behind the ear, in the soft hollow behind the mastoid bone. Later acupuncture literature discusses it mainly in connection with the eyes and with sleep; the classical record for it is thinner than for the channel points around the ear, and its reported effects are not established by modern research. This entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名以「翳」（目中障膜）配「明」，取自旧时论目疾的说法，并非描摹局部形貌。为十四经之外的奇穴，位于耳后乳突后下方的凹陷中。后世针灸文献多在目疾与不寐的语境下讨论本穴；其古典记载较耳周经穴为少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point sits on the side of the neck, an area where the major blood vessels of the neck and several nerves lie close beneath the skin. Needling here is a practitioner decision and depends on depth and angle; no safe depth can be given to a reader, and this entry deliberately gives none. Gentle pressure behind the ear over the mastoid area is what a reader can safely try. Do not press into the soft part of the neck in front of this point, and stop at once if pressing causes dizziness, ringing in the ears, or a change in vision."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn15",
   "code": "EX-HN15",
   "chinese": "颈百劳",
   "english": "Jingbailao",
   "pinyin": "jǐng bǎi láo",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the neck, 2 cun directly above Dazhui (GV14), 1 cun lateral to the posterior midline; one point on each side.",
   "location_zh": "在项部，大椎（GV14）直上 2 寸、后正中线旁开 1 寸，左右各一。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name can be read as the hundred-exhaustions point of the neck. Bai lao is an old term for wasting illness, and it is also an alternative name for Dazhui (GV14) itself, which sits on the midline two cun below; this paired point takes its name from that association. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, lying over the muscles at the base of the neck. Later texts discuss it in the context of the neck and of long-standing cough; the classical record is thinner than for the channel points of the same region, and its reported effects are not established by modern research. This entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名可读作颈部之「百劳」。「百劳」是旧时对虚损久病的称呼，也是大椎（GV14）的别名，该穴在本穴下方二寸的后正中线上，本穴（左右各一）因这一关联而得名。为十四经之外的奇穴，位于项部肌肉之上。后世文献多在项部与久咳的语境下讨论；其古典记载较同区经穴为少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point lies over the muscles at the base of the neck, not far from the cervical spine and from the vessels that run up the neck. Needling here is a practitioner decision; this entry gives no depth, because depth and angle are what make the difference and they cannot be judged without training. What a reader can safely do is gentle warmth or light pressure on the muscles at the back of the neck. Do not press hard on the spine itself or on the front of the neck, and stop if there is dizziness, numbness, or pain spreading into the arm."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b3",
   "code": "EX-B3",
   "chinese": "胃脘下俞",
   "english": "Weiwanxiashu",
   "pinyin": "wèi wǎn xià shū",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the back, 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the eighth thoracic vertebra; one point on each side.",
   "location_zh": "在背部，第 8 胸椎棘突下旁开 1.5 寸，左右各一。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means the transport point below the stomach, and it is also written Yishu in modern Chinese acupuncture literature, a name added in the twentieth century. It is a paired point outside the fourteen channels, on the back at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra, on the same line as the Back Transport points of the Bladder channel though it is not one of them. That is worth stating plainly, because the site is easy to mistake for a channel point: the points on this line at 1.5 cun are a series, and a reader comparing charts will find this one sitting among them without belonging to the series. Later literature discusses it in the context of the upper abdomen. Its reported effects are not established by modern research and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名意为胃脘之下的俞穴；近代针灸文献又写作「胰俞」，此名系二十世纪后所加。为十四经之外的奇穴，左右各一，位于背部平第 8 胸椎棘突，与膀胱经背俞穴同在旁开 1.5 寸的线上，但并不属于背俞之列。这一点值得明说：该处易被误认为经穴，1.5 寸侧线上的穴自成一列，读者对图时会发现本穴杂处其间而实不属于该列。后世文献多在上腹的语境下讨论本穴。所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point is on the back over the rib cage, where the lung lies just beneath the chest wall. Deep needling at this level can enter the chest cavity, which is why it is a practitioner decision and why this entry gives no depth. What a reader can safely do is gentle warmth or light pressure on the muscles beside the spine, never on the midline itself. Stop if pressure produces sharp pain, breathlessness, or pain that runs around the ribs."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b6",
   "code": "EX-B6",
   "chinese": "腰宜",
   "english": "Yaoyi",
   "pinyin": "yāo yí",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the low back, 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the fourth lumbar vertebra; one point on each side.",
   "location_zh": "在腰部，第 4 腰椎棘突下旁开 3 寸，左右各一。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name says what the point is for rather than where it is: yi means fitting or suitable, so the name reads as the point that suits the low back. It is a paired point outside the fourteen channels, on the fleshy part of the low back lateral to the fourth lumbar vertebra. Source texts differ on the exact lateral distance, with some giving three cun and others a handbreadth measured differently, so the location should be read as a region on the low back rather than a single exact spot. Later literature discusses it in the context of the low back. Its reported effects are not established by modern research and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名言其所用而不言其所在：「宜」为适宜之意，即谓此穴宜于腰部。为十四经之外的奇穴，左右各一，位于第 4 腰椎棘突外侧腰部的肌肉丰厚处。各家所载旁开距离不一，有作 3 寸者，有以横指量法另计者，故其定位宜作腰部的一片区域看，而非一个精确点。后世文献多于腰痛的语境下讨论本穴。所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point is on the fleshy part of the low back, well lateral to the spine, over the muscles that support the trunk; the kidney lies deeper on the inside at this level. Needling is a practitioner decision and this entry gives no depth. Gentle warmth or firm but comfortable pressure on the low back muscles is what a reader can safely try. Do not press hard on the spine itself or on the midline, and stop if pressure causes sharp pain or pain that runs down the leg."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue3",
   "code": "EX-UE3",
   "chinese": "中魁",
   "english": "Zhongkui",
   "pinyin": "zhōng kuí",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the dorsum of the middle finger, at the midpoint of the transverse crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint.",
   "location_zh": "在手指，中指背面，近侧指间关节横纹的中点。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "Zhong means middle, for the middle finger, and kui is an old word for a chief or for the raised head of a ladle; here it refers to the knuckle itself, which is what the point sits on. It is a point outside the fourteen channels and, like several points on the fingers, it is described in classical writing more often with moxa than with needles. Later acupuncture literature discusses it in the context of belching and vomiting. The classical record is thinner than for the channel points of the hand, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "「中」指中指，「魁」为旧时首领或勺头之称，此处即指本穴所在的指关节隆起处。为十四经之外的奇穴；与手指上的若干穴一样，古典记述多言灸而少言针。后世针灸文献多在嗳气与呕吐的语境下讨论本穴。其古典记载较手部经穴为少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits directly over a finger joint, where the skin is thin and there is almost nothing between it and the bone. Moxibustion or needling here is a practitioner procedure and carries a real risk of burn or of irritating the joint; this is not a point for self-needling or for holding a burning moxa stick over. Gentle pressure or pinching of the knuckle is what a reader can safely try. Do not apply heat to the joint, and stop if the finger becomes painful or stiff afterwards."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn8-shangyingxiang",
   "code": "EX-HN8",
   "chinese": "上迎香",
   "english": "Shangyingxiang",
   "pinyin": "shàng yíng xiāng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the face, at the upper end of the nasolabial groove, at the junction of the nasal bone and the nasal cartilage, directly below the inner corner of the eye.",
   "location_zh": "在面部，鼻骨下缘、鼻唇沟上端尽处，即鼻骨与鼻翼软骨交界处，目内眦直下。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is positional and plain: shang means upper, and Yingxiang is the channel point LI20 that sits at the side of the nose. This point lies above it, and it is also written Bitong, nose-opening, in modern Chinese acupuncture literature. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, on the side of the nose where the bone ends and the cartilage begins. Published sources differ slightly on how to describe the site, so it is better read as a small area beside the upper nose than as a single exact spot. Later literature discusses it in the context of the nose and of the passages behind it; the classical record is thinner than for the channel points on the face, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名直言其位：「上」指其在大肠经迎香（LI20）之上。本穴为十四经之外的奇穴，位于鼻骨与鼻翼软骨交界处、鼻唇沟上端；近代针灸文献又写作「鼻通」。各家对本穴所在的表述略有出入，宜作鼻上部外侧的一小片区域看，而非一个精确点。后世文献多于鼻及鼻窍的语境下讨论本穴；其古典记载较面部经穴为少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point sits on the side of the nose, close to the inner corner of the eye, where the skin is thin and the tear duct and the vein at the corner of the eye lie just beneath. Needling or moxa here is a practitioner procedure; this entry gives no depth and does not describe it. What a reader can safely do is light pressure on the side of the nose, pressing inwards and never upwards towards the eye. Do not press hard, do not press if the nose is injured or bleeding, and stop at once if pressure brings pain near the eye, watering, or swelling of the eyelid."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-b9",
   "code": "EX-B9",
   "chinese": "腰奇",
   "english": "Yaoqi",
   "pinyin": "yāo qí",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the sacrum, 2 cun directly above the tip of the coccyx, in the depression between the sacral horns.",
   "location_zh": "在骶部，尾骨端直上 2 寸，骶角之间的凹陷中。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name joins yao, the lumbar region, with qi, which here carries the sense of singular or uncommon. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, at the very base of the spine, over the opening at the lower end of the sacrum. That position is the one thing worth stating plainly: the point is sited over the sacral hiatus, the gap at the bottom of the sacral canal, and it is not a point on the Bladder channel line beside the spine. Classical and later Chinese literature record moxa here more often than needling, and modern Chinese acupuncture literature discusses the point in the context of seizures; this entry reports that only as a matter of what is written. Its reported effects are not established by modern research and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名以「腰」配「奇」，「奇」在此取特异之义。为十四经之外的奇穴，位于脊柱最下端、骶管裂孔（骶角之间的凹陷）之上方。这一点值得明说：本穴正当骶管下端开口之处，并不在膀胱经旁开脊柱的那一列上。古典与后世文献多记灸法而少言针；现代针灸文献又多在痫证的语境下讨论本穴，本条仅如实记其所载。所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point is over the sacral hiatus at the base of the spine, where the sacral canal lies just beneath the surface. Needling or moxa in this place is a practitioner procedure and depends on angle and depth; this entry deliberately gives none. What a reader can safely do is gentle warmth over the flat of the sacrum, never heat applied hard against the tailbone. Do not press firmly on the coccyx, and stop if there is sharp pain, numbness spreading into the legs or buttocks, or any change in bladder or bowel control after pressure here."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le8",
   "code": "EX-LE8",
   "chinese": "内踝尖",
   "english": "Neihuaijian",
   "pinyin": "nèi huái jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the inner side of the ankle, at the tip of the medial malleolus.",
   "location_zh": "在踝部内侧，内踝最凸起处（内踝尖）。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is a description of the landmark itself: the tip of the inner ankle bone. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, and it is one of a small group of extra points named after bony prominences rather than after a function or a channel. The malleoli are landmarks that readers can find on themselves without any instruction, which is why these points are easy to locate and also easy to misunderstand as ordinary channel points; they are not, and the classical record for them is thinner than for KI6 or SP6, which lie in the same neighbourhood. Classical writing records moxa at such bony points more often than needling, and discusses them in the context of the foot and ankle. Its reported effects are not established by modern research and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名即直述其部位：内踝骨之尖端。为十四经之外的奇穴，属以骨性突起命名的一小类奇穴，不因功用或归经得名。踝尖这类标志读者在自身即可扪得，故定位虽易，却也易被误认为经穴——它不是，其古典记载较同区的照海（KI6）、三阴交（SP6）为少。古典记述对骨突之穴多言灸而少言针，多在足与踝的语境下讨论。所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point is on the bare tip of the ankle bone, where there is almost no tissue between skin and bone and where tendons, a vein and a nerve pass close by. Moxa here carries a real burn risk and a burn over bone heals badly, so this is not a place for holding a moxa stick or for self-needling. Gentle pressure or rubbing around the ankle is what a reader can safely try. Do not press hard on the bone tip itself, and stop if there is tingling, numbness, or swelling around the ankle."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-le9",
   "code": "EX-LE9",
   "chinese": "外踝尖",
   "english": "Waihuaijian",
   "pinyin": "wài huái jiān",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the outer side of the ankle, at the tip of the lateral malleolus.",
   "location_zh": "在踝部外侧，外踝最凸起处（外踝尖）。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name mirrors the inner one: the tip of the outer ankle bone. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, named for the landmark it occupies. Sources differ on whether the site is the very tip of the bone or the small hollow just below and behind it, so the location should be read as the region around the outer ankle bone rather than one exact point. Classical writing records moxa at bony points of this kind more often than needling, and discusses them in the context of the foot and ankle. The classical record is thinner than for the channel points around the outer ankle such as BL60 or GB40, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名与内踝尖相对，直述外踝骨之尖端。为十四经之外的奇穴，以所在骨性标志命名。各家所载略有出入：有定在骨尖者，有定在骨尖后下方凹陷者，故宜作外踝周围的一片区域看，而非一个精确点。古典记述对此类骨突之穴多言灸而少言针，多于足与踝的语境下讨论，其记载较外踝周围的昆仑（BL60）、丘墟（GB40）等经穴为少。所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point is on the bare tip of the outer ankle bone, with thin skin over bone and with tendons and a nerve running close behind it. As with the inner malleolus, moxa here risks a burn that heals poorly over bone, and needling is a practitioner procedure; this entry gives no depth. Gentle pressure or rubbing around the ankle is what a reader can safely try. Do not press hard on the bone tip, and do not press or apply heat over a sprained, swollen or recently injured ankle. Stop if there is tingling, numbness, or increased pain."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue4",
   "code": "EX-UE4",
   "chinese": "大骨空",
   "english": "Dagukong",
   "pinyin": "dà gǔ kōng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the back of the thumb, at the midpoint of the transverse crease of the interphalangeal joint.",
   "location_zh": "在拇指背面，拇指指间关节横纹的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is a description of the landmark: da means large, gu is bone, and kong is hollow or opening, so it is the hollow at the large knuckle, the single joint of the thumb. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. Like other points sited on a finger joint, classical writing records moxa here more often than needling, and it is one of several extra points on the hand that later literature discusses in the context of the eyes. That association is a matter of what is written, not of what has been shown: the classical record for this point is much thinner than for the channel points of the hand, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名直述其所在：「大」言其大，「骨」指骨节，「空」即凹陷，谓拇指本节骨节间的凹陷处。为十四经之外的奇穴。与其他位于指关节的穴一样，古典记述多言灸而少言针；后世文献多在目疾的语境下讨论本穴。此等关联只是文献所载，并非已被证明之事：本穴的古典记载远少于手部经穴，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits directly on the thumb joint, where the skin is thin and there is almost nothing between it and the bone. Moxibustion or needling here is a practitioner procedure with a real risk of burn or of irritating the joint, and a burn over a finger joint heals badly; this entry gives no depth and describes neither. What a reader can safely do is gentle pressure or pinching of the knuckle. Do not apply heat to the joint, and stop if there is pain, swelling or stiffness afterwards."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-ue5",
   "code": "EX-UE5",
   "chinese": "小骨空",
   "english": "Xiaogukong",
   "pinyin": "xiǎo gǔ kōng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the back of the little finger, at the midpoint of the transverse crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint.",
   "location_zh": "在小指背面，近侧指间关节横纹的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name mirrors the preceding point: xiao means small, and this is the hollow at the knuckle of the little finger, the knuckle nearest the hand. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, and it belongs to the same small group of extra points named after the bone hollow they occupy rather than after a function. As with Dagukong, classical writing records moxa here more often than needling, and later literature discusses the point in the context of the eyes and of the finger joint itself. The classical record is thinner than for the channel points on the hand, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名与大骨空相对：「小」言其小，即小指本节骨节间的凹陷处（靠手掌的那一节）。为十四经之外的奇穴，与若干以骨空命名的奇穴同类，不因功用得名。与大骨空相同，古典记述多言灸而少言针；后世文献多在目疾及指节本身的语境下讨论本穴。其古典记载较手部经穴为少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "The point sits on the knuckle of the little finger, with thin skin over the joint and very little tissue beneath. Moxa here risks a burn that heals poorly over bone and tendon, and needling is a practitioner procedure; this entry gives no depth and describes neither. Gentle pressure or pinching of the knuckle is what a reader can safely try. Do not apply heat to the joint, and stop if there is pain, swelling or stiffness afterwards."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn2",
   "code": "EX-HN2",
   "chinese": "当阳",
   "english": "Dangyang",
   "pinyin": "dāng yáng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "On the forehead, directly above the pupil when the eyes look straight ahead, 1 cun above the anterior hairline.",
   "location_zh": "在头前额部，目正视时瞳孔直上，前发际上 1 寸。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means facing the sun, and the point is on the front of the head. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, on the forehead above the pupil and just inside the hairline. Published sources differ on the detail of the location, chiefly over whether the measurement is taken from the hairline or from the eyebrow, and the hairline itself recedes with age, so the site is better understood as a small area on the upper forehead than as one exact spot. Later literature discusses the point in the context of headache, dizziness and the nose. Its classical record is thinner than for the channel points on the forehead such as GV24 or GB14, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取「当阳」之义，位于头之前部。为十四经之外的奇穴，在前额瞳孔直上、发际之内。各家对本穴的定位细节略有出入，主要在于从前发际量起还是自眉量起；且发际随年龄而后退，故宜作前额上部的一小片区域看，而非一个精确点。后世文献多在头痛、眩晕与鼻的语境下讨论本穴。其古典记载较前额的神庭（GV24）、阳白（GB14）等经穴为少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This is a point on the forehead above the eye. The skull lies just under the skin here and the frontal branch of the facial nerve and the vessels of the temple are nearby, so needling is a practitioner procedure and this entry gives no depth and no angle. What a reader can safely do is light, flat pressure with the pads of the fingers over the forehead. Do not press hard, do not press on the eyeball or on a bruised or injured forehead, and stop if pressure brings pain, dizziness or visual change."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn10",
   "code": "EX-HN10",
   "chinese": "聚泉",
   "english": "Juquan",
   "pinyin": "jù quán",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "Inside the mouth, on the upper surface of the tongue, at the midpoint of the median groove of the tongue.",
   "location_zh": "在口腔内，舌背上，舌正中缝（舌背中沟）的中点处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means gathering spring, an image of fluid collecting, and it is one of the very few points located inside the mouth on the tongue itself. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. Later literature discusses the point in the context of the tongue and of speech, and classical sources describe moxa applied over a slice of ginger or, in some accounts, pricking to draw a drop of blood; both are procedures, not things a reader should attempt on themselves. The classical record is thin, the reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取「聚泉」之义，喻津液汇聚。为十四经之外的奇穴，是极少数位于口腔内、舌体之上的穴。后世文献多于舌与言语的语境下讨论本穴；古典记述有隔姜片施灸者，亦有以针刺出血少许者——二者皆属医者操作，非读者可自行尝试之事。本穴古典记载较少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point is inside the mouth, on the tongue, and that is the whole of the safety issue: the tongue is richly supplied with blood vessels, it swells easily, and bleeding or a burn there can obstruct the airway. Do not needle this point, do not prick it to draw blood, and do not apply moxa or any heat to it yourself. A practitioner working inside the mouth does so with the tongue held and with a clear view, which is not something a person can do to themselves. There is nothing a reader should self-administer at this site."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn9",
   "code": "EX-HN9",
   "chinese": "内迎香",
   "english": "Neiyingxiang",
   "pinyin": "nèi yíng xiāng",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "In the nasal cavity, on the mucous membrane at the site corresponding to Shangyingxiang (EX-HN8): inside the nostril, at the junction where the skin of the nose ends and the lining of the cavity begins.",
   "location_zh": "在鼻孔内，与上迎香（EX-HN8）相对处的鼻黏膜上；即鼻孔内皮肤与鼻黏膜交界之处。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name is the inner counterpart of Yingxiang: nei means inside, and Yingxiang (LI20) is the channel point on the face beside the nose, so the name says that this is the same point of reference reached from within the nostril. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. Published sources describe the site in slightly different ways, some placing it at the front end of the inferior turbinate and others simply at the junction of skin and lining, so it is better read as a small area just inside the nostril than as one exact spot. Classical sources record pricking here to release a few drops of blood, and later literature discusses the point in the context of the nose and of the eyes. That is a matter of what is written rather than what has been shown: the classical record for this point is thin, its reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名与迎香相对：「内」指在鼻孔之内，迎香（LI20）在鼻旁面部，故本穴即自鼻孔内取同一参照之处。为十四经之外的奇穴。各家对本穴所在的表述略有出入，有定在下鼻甲前端者，有只言鼻黏膜与皮肤交界处者，故宜作鼻孔内一小片区域看，而非一个精确点。古典记述有此处点刺出血者；后世文献多在鼻与目的语境下讨论本穴。此皆文献所载，并非已被证明之事：本穴古典记载较少，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point is on the lining of the nose, and that is the whole of the safety issue. The nasal lining bleeds readily, it cannot be seen or reached cleanly without a light and a speculum, and anything that breaks it can carry infection into an area that drains towards the eye and the sinuses. Do not needle this point, do not prick it to draw blood, and do not put anything into the nostril in order to stimulate it. A practitioner working inside the nose does so with a clear view and with instruments, which is not something a person can do to themselves. There is nothing a reader should self-administer at this site."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn11",
   "code": "EX-HN11",
   "chinese": "海泉",
   "english": "Haiquan",
   "pinyin": "hǎi quán",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "In the mouth, on the floor of the mouth, at the midpoint of the frenulum of the tongue; the point is taken with the mouth open and the tip of the tongue raised to the palate.",
   "location_zh": "在口腔内，舌下，舌系带（舌下系带）的中点处；张口、舌尖上卷抵上腭取之。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name means sea spring, an image of a source of fluid, and it is one of the small group of points located on the floor of the mouth rather than on the surface of the body. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. Published sources differ slightly on whether the point is the midpoint of the frenulum or the small depression just behind it, so the site is better read as the midline of the frenulum region than as one exact spot. Classical sources record pricking here to release a drop of blood, and later literature discusses the point in the context of the tongue and of thirst. The classical record is thin, the reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名取「海泉」之义，喻津液汇聚之源。为十四经之外的奇穴，属位于口腔底部（而非体表）的一小类穴。各家对本穴所在的记述略有出入：有定在舌系带中点者，有定在其后小凹陷者，故宜作舌系带中线上的一片区域看，而非一个精确点。古典记述有此处点刺出血少许者；后世文献多于舌与口渴的语境下讨论本穴。本穴古典记载较简，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point is under the tongue, on the midline of the frenulum, and that is the whole of the safety issue. The floor of the mouth is rich in blood vessels, a bleeding point there is hard to see and hard to press closed, and swelling under the tongue can threaten the airway. Do not needle this point, do not prick it to draw blood, and do not apply moxa or any heat to it yourself. A practitioner working under the tongue holds the tongue and works with a clear view and a light, which is not something a person can do to themselves. There is nothing a reader should self-administer at this site."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn12",
   "code": "EX-HN12",
   "chinese": "金津",
   "english": "Jinjin",
   "pinyin": "jīn jīn",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "In the mouth, on the floor of the mouth, on the sublingual vein to the left of the frenulum of the tongue; the point is taken with the mouth open and the tip of the tongue raised to the palate.",
   "location_zh": "在口腔内，舌下系带左侧的舌下静脉上；张口、舌尖上卷抵上腭取之。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name pairs jin, gold, with jin, fluid: a precious fluid, that is, the saliva that collects under the tongue. Together with Yuye (EX-HN13) on the other side of the frenulum it forms a pair, and the two are always recorded together. This entry follows the common textbook assignment, with Jinjin on the left and Yuye on the right. It is a point outside the fourteen channels, and it is one of very few points whose recorded site is a vein rather than a hollow or a bone. Classical sources record pricking the vein to release a drop of blood, and later literature discusses the pair in the context of the tongue, of speech and of the mouth. The classical record is thin, the reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名以「金」配「津」，谓贵重之津液，即舌下汇聚之唾液。与对侧的玉液（EX-HN13）成对，分居舌系带两侧，文献恒并记之。本条从通行教材之说，金津在左、玉液在右。为十四经之外的奇穴；多数穴以凹陷或骨性标志定位，本穴是极少数以静脉为定位标志者。古典记述有以针点刺该静脉出血少许者；后世文献多于舌、言语与口舌的语境下讨论本对穴。本穴古典记载较简，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point is on a vein under the tongue, and that is the whole of the safety issue. Pricking a vein in the floor of the mouth produces bleeding that is difficult to see, difficult to stop and easy to swallow, and swelling under the tongue can threaten the airway; infection there is serious because the space drains towards the neck. Do not needle this point, do not prick it to draw blood, and do not apply moxa or any heat to it yourself. The procedure recorded for this point in the classical sources is precisely the one a reader must not attempt. A practitioner works here with the tongue held, a clear view and a light, which is not something a person can do to themselves. There is nothing a reader should self-administer at this site."
  },
  {
   "slug": "ex-hn13",
   "code": "EX-HN13",
   "chinese": "玉液",
   "english": "Yuye",
   "pinyin": "yù yè",
   "meridian_en": "Extraordinary Point",
   "meridian_zh": "经外奇穴",
   "location_en": "In the mouth, on the floor of the mouth, on the sublingual vein to the right of the frenulum of the tongue; the point is taken with the mouth open and the tip of the tongue raised to the palate.",
   "location_zh": "在口腔内，舌下系带右侧的舌下静脉上；张口、舌尖上卷抵上腭取之。",
   "special_category": "",
   "classical_note_en": "The name mirrors the preceding one: yu is jade and ye is fluid, so Jinjin and Yuye, gold fluid and jade fluid, are named together for the saliva that collects under the tongue. This entry follows the common textbook assignment, with Yuye on the right of the frenulum and Jinjin on the left. It is a point outside the fourteen channels. The two are recorded as a pair and are almost always described in the same breath, which is worth saying plainly because a reader will not find separate classical discussions of each: what is written about one is written about both. Classical sources record pricking the vein to release a drop of blood, and later literature discusses the pair in the context of the tongue, of speech and of the mouth. The classical record is thin, the reported effects are not established by modern research, and this entry makes no claim of benefit.",
   "classical_note_zh": "穴名与前穴相对：「玉」为玉，「液」为津液。金津、玉液两名并取舌下汇聚之唾液，成对而立。本条从通行教材之说，玉液在右、金津在左。为十四经之外的奇穴。两穴成对，文献几乎总是相提并论——这一点值得明说：读者不会在古典文献中找到分别讨论两穴的独立篇章，凡言其一者即兼言其二。古典记述有以针点刺该静脉出血少许者；后世文献多于舌、言语与口舌的语境下讨论本对穴。本穴古典记载较简，所述作用未经现代研究证实，本条不作疗效陈述。",
   "safety_note": "This point is on a vein under the tongue on the right of the frenulum, and the safety issue is the same as for Jinjin on the left. Pricking a vein in the floor of the mouth produces bleeding that is hard to see, hard to stop and easy to swallow, and swelling under the tongue can threaten the airway. Do not needle this point, do not prick it to draw blood, and do not apply moxa or any heat to it yourself. A practitioner works here with the tongue held, a clear view and a light, which is not something a person can do to themselves. There is nothing a reader should self-administer at this site."
  }
 ]
}